1. Introduction. Let ℤ, ℕ, ℚ be the sets of integers, positive integers and rational numbers respectively. In [7], Ribenboim proved that the equation (1) $(x^m + 1)(x^n + 1) = y²$, x,y,m,n ∈ ℕ, x > 1, n > m ≥ 1, has no solution (x,y,m,n) with 2|x and (1) has only finitely many solutions (x,y,m,n) with 2∤x. Moreover, all solutions of (1) with 2∤x satisfy max(x,m,n) < C, where C is an effectively computable constant. In this paper we completely determine all solutions of (1) as follows. Theorem. Equation (1) has only the solution (x,y,m,n)=(7,20,1,2).
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In this note we prove that the equation ${k\choose 2}-1=q^n+1$, $q\ge 2, n\ge 3$, has only finitely many positive integer solutions $(k,q,n)$. Moreover, all solutions $(k,q,n)$ satisfy $k\lt10^{10^{182}}$, $q\lt10^{10^{165}}$ and $n\lt 2\cdot 10^{17}$.
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Let a,b,c be fixed coprime positive integers with min{a,b,c} > 1, and let m = max{a,b,c}. Using the Gel'fond-Baker method, we prove that all positive integer solutions (x,y,z) of the equation $a^x+b^y = c^z$ satisfy max{x,y,z} < 155000(log m)³. Moreover, using that result, we prove that if a,b,c satisfy certain divisibility conditions and m is large enough, then the equation has at most one solution (x,y,z) with min{x,y,z} > 1.
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