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Characterization Of Super-Radial Graphs

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In a graph G, the distance d(u, v) between a pair of vertices u and v is the length of a shortest path joining them. The eccentricity e(u) of a vertex u is the distance to a vertex farthest from u. The minimum eccentricity is called the radius, r(G), of the graph and the maximum eccentricity is called the diameter, d(G), of the graph. The super-radial graph R*(G) based on G has the vertex set as in G and two vertices u and v are adjacent in R*(G) if the distance between them in G is greater than or equal to d(G) − r(G) + 1 in G. If G is disconnected, then two vertices are adjacent in R*(G) if they belong to different components. A graph G is said to be a super-radial graph if it is a super-radial graph R*(H) of some graph H. The main objective of this paper is to solve the graph equation R*(H) = G for a given graph G.
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Characterization Results for theL(2, 1, 1)-Labeling Problem on Trees

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An L(2, 1, 1)-labeling of a graph G is an assignment of non-negative integers (labels) to the vertices of G such that adjacent vertices receive labels with difference at least 2, and vertices at distance 2 or 3 receive distinct labels. The span of such a labelling is the difference between the maximum and minimum labels used, and the minimum span over all L(2, 1, 1)-labelings of G is called the L(2, 1, 1)-labeling number of G, denoted by λ2,1,1(G). It was shown by King, Ras and Zhou in [The L(h, 1, 1)-labelling problem for trees, European J. Combin. 31 (2010) 1295–1306] that every tree T has Δ2(T) − 1 ≤ λ2,1,1(T) ≤ Δ2(T), where Δ2(T) = maxuv∈E(T)(d(u) + d(v)). And they conjectured that almost all trees have the L(2, 1, 1)-labeling number attain the lower bound. This paper provides some sufficient conditions for λ2,1,1(T) = Δ2(T). Furthermore, we show that the sufficient conditions we provide are also necessary for trees with diameter at most 6.
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A Reduction of the Graph Reconstruction Conjecture

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A graph is said to be reconstructible if it is determined up to isomor- phism from the collection of all its one-vertex deleted unlabeled subgraphs. Reconstruction Conjecture (RC) asserts that all graphs on at least three vertices are reconstructible. In this paper, we prove that interval-regular graphs and some new classes of graphs are reconstructible and show that RC is true if and only if all non-geodetic and non-interval-regular blocks G with diam(G) = 2 or diam(Ḡ) = diam(G) = 3 are reconstructible
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Various Bounds for Liar’s Domination Number

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Let G = (V,E) be a graph. A set S ⊆ V is a dominating set if Uv∈S N[v] = V , where N[v] is the closed neighborhood of v. Let L ⊆ V be a dominating set, and let v be a designated vertex in V (an intruder vertex). Each vertex in L ∩ N[v] can report that v is the location of the intruder, but (at most) one x ∈ L ∩ N[v] can report any w ∈ N[x] as the intruder location or x can indicate that there is no intruder in N[x]. A dominating set L is called a liar’s dominating set if every v ∈ V (G) can be correctly identified as an intruder location under these restrictions. The minimum cardinality of a liar’s dominating set is called the liar’s domination number, and is denoted by γLR(G). In this paper, we present sharp bounds for the liar’s domination number in terms of the diameter, the girth and clique covering number of a graph. We present two Nordhaus-Gaddum type relations for γLR(G), and study liar’s dominating set sensitivity versus edge-connectivity. We also present various bounds for the liar’s domination component number, that is, the maximum number of components over all minimum liar’s dominating sets.
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Rainbow Connection Number of Graphs with Diameter 3

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A path in an edge-colored graph G is rainbow if no two edges of the path are colored the same. The rainbow connection number rc(G) of G is the smallest integer k for which there exists a k-edge-coloring of G such that every pair of distinct vertices of G is connected by a rainbow path. Let f(d) denote the minimum number such that rc(G) ≤ f(d) for each bridgeless graph G with diameter d. In this paper, we shall show that 7 ≤ f(3) ≤ 9.
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Further results on radial graphs

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In a graph G, the distance d(u,v) between a pair of vertices u and v is the length of a shortest path joining them. The eccentricity e(u) of a vertex u is the distance to a vertex farthest from u. The minimum eccentricity is called the radius of the graph and the maximum eccentricity is called the diameter of the graph. The radial graph R(G) based on G has the vertex set as in G, two vertices u and v are adjacent in R(G) if the distance between them in G is equal to the radius of G. If G is disconnected, then two vertices are adjacent in R(G) if they belong to different components. The main objective of this paper is to characterize graphs G with specified radius for its radial graph.
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Radio number for some thorn graphs

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For a graph G and any two vertices u and v in G, let d(u,v) denote the distance between u and v and let diam(G) be the diameter of G. A multilevel distance labeling (or radio labeling) for G is a function f that assigns to each vertex of G a positive integer such that for any two distinct vertices u and v, d(u,v) + |f(u) - f(v)| ≥ diam(G) + 1. The largest integer in the range of f is called the span of f and is denoted span(f). The radio number of G, denoted rn(G), is the minimum span of any radio labeling for G. A thorn graph is a graph obtained from a given graph by attaching new terminal vertices to the vertices of the initial graph. In this paper the radio numbers for two classes of thorn graphs are determined: the caterpillar obtained from the path Pₙ by attaching a new terminal vertex to each non-terminal vertex and the thorn star $S_{n,k}$ obtained from the star Sₙ by attaching k new terminal vertices to each terminal vertex of the star.
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In this paper, specifically, we look at the preservation of the diameter and girth of the zero-divisor graph with respect to an ideal of a commutative ring when extending to a finite direct product of commutative rings.
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The Degree-Diameter Problem for Outerplanar Graphs

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For positive integers Δ and D we define nΔ,D to be the largest number of vertices in an outerplanar graph of given maximum degree Δ and diameter D. We prove that [...] nΔ,D=ΔD2+O (ΔD2−1) $n_{\Delta ,D} = \Delta ^{{D \over 2}} + O\left( {\Delta ^{{D \over 2} - 1} } \right)$ is even, and [...] nΔ,D=3ΔD−12+O (ΔD−12−1) $n_{\Delta ,D} = 3\Delta ^{{{D - 1} \over 2}} + O\left( {\Delta ^{{{D - 1} \over 2} - 1} } \right)$ if D is odd. We then extend our result to maximal outerplanar graphs by showing that the maximum number of vertices in a maximal outerplanar graph of maximum degree Δ and diameter D asymptotically equals nΔ,D.
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In this paper we show some properties of the eccentric distance sum index which is defined as follows \(\xi^{d}(G)=\sum_{v \in V(G)}D(v) \varepsilon(v)\). This index is widely used by chemists and biologists in their researches. We present a lower bound of this index for a new class of graphs.
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p-Wiener intervals and p-Wiener free intervals

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A positive integer n is said to be Wiener graphical, if there exists a graph G with Wiener index n. In this paper, we prove that any positive integer n(≠ 2,5) is Wiener graphical. For any positive integer p, an interval [a,b] is said to be a p-Wiener interval if for each positive integer n ∈ [a,b] there exists a graph G on p vertices such that W(G) = n. For any positive integer p, an interval [a,b] is said to be p-Wiener free interval (p-hyper-Wiener free interval) if there exist no graph G on p vertices with a ≤ W(G) ≤ b (a ≤ WW(G) ≤ b). In this paper, we determine some p-Wiener intervals and p-Wiener free intervals for some fixed positive integer p.
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