The following theorem is due to Dilworth [8]: Let P be a partially ordered set. If the maximal number of elements in an independent subset (anti-chain) of P is k, then P is the union of k chains (cliques).In this article we formalize an elegant proof of the above theorem for finite posets by Perles [13]. The result is then used in proving the case of infinite posets following the original proof of Dilworth [8].A dual of Dilworth's theorem also holds: a poset with maximum clique m is a union of m independent sets. The proof of this dual fact is considerably easier; we follow the proof by Mirsky [11]. Mirsky states also a corollary that a poset of r x s + 1 elements possesses a clique of size r + 1 or an independent set of size s + 1, or both. This corollary is then used to prove the result of Erdős and Szekeres [9].Instead of using posets, we drop reflexivity and state the facts about anti-symmetric and transitive relations.
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Harary [10, p. 7] claims that Veblen [20, p. 2] first suggested to formalize simple graphs using simplicial complexes. We have developed basic terminology for simple graphs as at most 1-dimensional complexes. We formalize this new setting and then reprove Mycielski’s [12] construction resulting in a triangle-free graph with arbitrarily large chromatic number. A different formalization of similar material is in [15].
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We are formalizing [9, pp. 81-84] where chordal graphs are defined and their basic characterization is given. This formalization is a part of the M.Sc. work of the first author under supervision of the second author.
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We prove, following [5, p. 92], that any family of subtrees of a finite tree satisfies the Helly property.MML identifier: HELLY, version: 7.8.09 4.97.1001
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We are formalizing the algorithm for recognizing chordal graphs by lexicographic breadth-first search as presented in [13, Section 3 of Chapter 4, pp. 81-84]. Then we follow with a formalization of another algorithm serving the same end but based on maximum cardinality search as presented by Tarjan and Yannakakis [25].This work is a part of the MSc work of the first author under supervision of the second author. We would like to thank one of the anonymous reviewers for very useful suggestions.
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I would like to thank Piotr Rudnicki for taking me on as his summer student and being a mentor to me. Piotr was an incredibly caring, intelligent, funny, passionate human being. I am proud to know I was his last student, in a long line of students he has mentored and cared about throughout his life. Thank you Piotr, for the opportunity you gave me, and for the faith, confidence and trust you showed in me. I will miss you.
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Let ω(G) and χ(G) be the clique number and the chromatic number of a graph G. Mycielski [11] presented a construction that for any n creates a graph Mn which is triangle-free (ω(G) = 2) with χ(G) > n. The starting point is the complete graph of two vertices (K2). M(n+1) is obtained from Mn through the operation μ(G) called the Mycielskian of a graph G.We first define the operation μ(G) and then show that ω(μ(G)) = ω(G) and χ(μ(G)) = χ(G) + 1. This is done for arbitrary graph G, see also [10]. Then we define the sequence of graphs Mn each of exponential size in n and give their clique and chromatic numbers.
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