For an integer k ≥ 1, we say that a (finite simple undirected) graph G is k-distance-locally disconnected, or simply k-locally disconnected if, for any x ∈ V (G), the set of vertices at distance at least 1 and at most k from x induces in G a disconnected graph. In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of the number of edges of a k-locally disconnected graph on n vertices. For general graphs, we show that this number is Θ(n2) for any fixed value of k and, in the special case of regular graphs, we show that this asymptotic rate of growth cannot be achieved. For regular graphs, we give a general upper bound and we show its asymptotic sharpness for some values of k. We also discuss some connections with cages.
For a 1-tough graph G we define σ₃(G) = min{d(u) + d(v) + d(w):{u,v,w} is an independent set of vertices} and $NC_{σ₃-n+5}(G)$ = $max{⋃_{i = 1}^{σ₃-n+5}$ $N(v_i) : {v₁, ..., v_{σ₃-n+5}}$ is an independent set of vertices}. We show that every 1-tough graph with σ₃(G) ≥ n contains a cycle of length at least $min{n,2NC_{σ₃-n+5}(G)+2}$. This result implies some well-known results of Faßbender [2] and of Flandrin, Jung & Li [6]. The main result of this paper also implies that c(G) ≥ min{n,2NC₂(G)+2} where NC₂(G) = min{|N(u) ∪ N(v)|:d(u,v) = 2}. This strengthens a result that c(G) ≥ min{n, 2NC₂(G)} of Bauer, Fan and Veldman [3].
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For a subset S of edges in a connected graph G, S is a k-restricted edge cut if G − S is disconnected and every component of G − S has at least k vertices. The k-restricted edge connectivity of G, denoted by λk(G), is defined as the cardinality of a minimum k-restricted edge cut. Let ξk(G) = min{|[X, X̄]| : |X| = k, G[X] is connected}, where X̄ = V (G)\X. A graph G is super k-restricted edge connected if every minimum k-restricted edge cut of G isolates a component of order exactly k. Let k be a positive integer and let G be a graph of order ν ≥ 2k. In this paper, we show that if |N(u) ∩ N(v)| ≥ k +1 for all pairs u, v of nonadjacent vertices and [...] ξk(G)≤⌊ν2⌋+k $\xi _k (G) \le \left\lfloor {{\nu \over 2}} \right\rfloor + k$ , then G is super k-restricted edge connected.
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Let G be a graph of order n, and let a and b be two integers with 1 ≤ a ≤ b. Let h : E(G) → [0, 1] be a function. If a ≤ ∑e∋x h(e) ≤ b holds for any x ∈ V (G), then we call G[Fh] a fractional [a, b]-factor of G with indicator function h, where Fh = {e ∈ E(G) : h(e) > 0}. A graph G is fractional independent-set-deletable [a, b]-factor-critical (in short, fractional ID-[a, b]- factor-critical) if G − I has a fractional [a, b]-factor for every independent set I of G. In this paper, it is proved that if [...] for any two nonadjacent vertices x, y ∈ V (G), then G is fractional ID-[a, b]-factor-critical. Furthermore, it is shown that this result is best possible in some sense.
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We translate the articles covering group theory already available in the Mizar Mathematical Library from multiplicative into additive notation. We adapt the works of Wojciech A. Trybulec [41, 42, 43] and Artur Korniłowicz [25]. In particular, these authors have defined the notions of group, abelian group, power of an element of a group, order of a group and order of an element, subgroup, coset of a subgroup, index of a subgroup, conjugation, normal subgroup, topological group, dense subset and basis of a topological group. Lagrange’s theorem and some other theorems concerning these notions [9, 24, 22] are presented. Note that “The term ℤ-module is simply another name for an additive abelian group” [27]. We take an approach different than that used by Futa et al. [21] to use in a future article the results obtained by Artur Korniłowicz [25]. Indeed, Hölzl et al. showed that it was possible to build “a generic theory of limits based on filters” in Isabelle/HOL [23, 10]. Our goal is to define the convergence of a sequence and the convergence of a series in an abelian topological group [11] using the notion of filters.
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