Let A, B and C be matrices. We consider the matrix equations Y-AYB=C and AX-XB=C. Sharp norm estimates for solutions of these equations are derived. By these estimates a bound for the distance between invariant subspaces of matrices is obtained.
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A multiplicative semigroup of idempotent operators is called an operator band. We prove that for each K>1 there exists an irreducible operator band on the Hilbert space $l^2$ which is norm-bounded by K. This implies that there exists an irreducible operator band on a Banach space such that each member has operator norm equal to 1. Given a positive integer r, we introduce a notion of weak r-transitivity of a set of bounded operators on a Banach space. We construct an operator band on $l^2$ that is weakly r-transitive and is not weakly (r+1)-transitive. We also study operator bands S satisfying a polynomial identity p(A, B) = 0 for all non-zero A,B ∈ S, where p is a given polynomial in two non-commuting variables. It turns out that the polynomial $p(A, B) = (A B - B A)^2$ has a special role in these considerations.
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