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1
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EN
The fourth order periodic boundary value problem $u^{(4)} - m⁴u + F(t,u) = 0$, 0 < t < 2π, with $u^{(i)}(0) = u^{(i)}(2π)$, i = 0,1,2,3, is studied by using the fixed point index of mappings in cones, where F is a nonnegative continuous function and 0 < m < 1. Under suitable conditions on F, it is proved that the problem has at least two positive solutions if m ∈ (0,M), where M is the smallest positive root of the equation tan mπ = -tanh mπ, which takes the value 0.7528094 with an error of $±10^{-7}$.
2
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Curvature Concentrations on the HIV-1 Capsid

75%
EN
It is known that the retrovirus capsids possess a fullerene-like structure. These caged polyhedral arrangements are built entirely from hexagons and exactly 12 pentagons according to the Euler theorem. Viral capsids are composed of capsid proteins, which create the hexagon and pentagon shapes by groups of six (hexamer) and five (pentamer) proteins. Different distributions of these 12 pentamers result in icosahedral, tubular, or conical shaped capsids. These pentamer clusters introduce declination and hence curvature on the capsids. This paper provides explicit and quantitative characterization of curvature on virus capsids. The concept of curvature concentration is also introduced. For the HIV (5,7)-cone, it is shown that the curvature concentration at the narrow end is about at least four times higher than that at the broad end. Our modeling results about curvature concentrations on HIV-1 capsids echo the results in the literature that the pentamers are in the regions with the highest stress, although the connection between the two approaches (curvature concentration and stress) is to be explored. This also leads to a conjecture that “HIV-1 capsid narrow end may close last during maturation but open first during entry into a host cell".
3
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On a theorem of P. S. Aleksandrov

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4
63%
EN
Problems of existence and nonexistence of global nontrivial solutions to quasilinear evolution differential inequalities in a product of cones are investigated. The proofs of the nonexistence results are based on the test-function method developed, for the case of the whole space, by Mitidieri, Pohozaev, Tesei and Véron. The existence result is established using the method of supersolutions.
5
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Generating Vectors for the Lattice Structures of Tubular and Conical Viral Capsids

63%
EN
Retrovirus capsid is a fullerene-like lattice consisting of capsid protein hexamers and pentamers. Mathematical models for the lattice structure help understand the underlying biological mechanisms in the formation of viral capsids. It is known that viral capsids could be categorized into three major types: icosahedron, tube, and cone. While the model for icosahedral capsids is established and well-received, models for tubular and conical capsids need further investigation. This paper proposes new models for the tubular and conical capsids based on an extension of the Capser-Klug quasi-equivalence theory. In particular, two and three generating vectors are used to characterize respectively the lattice structures of tubular and conical capsids. Comparison with published HIV-1 data demonstrates a good agreement of our modeling results with experimental data.
6
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Hereditarily weakly confluent induced mappings are homeomorphisms

51%
EN
For a given mapping f between continua we consider the induced mappings between the corresponding hyperspaces of closed subsets or of subcontinua. It is shown that if either of the two induced mappings is hereditarily weakly confluent (or hereditarily confluent, or hereditarily monotone, or atomic), then f is a homeomorphism, and consequently so are both the induced mappings. Similar results are obtained for mappings between cones over the domain and over the range continua.
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