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Detection of the change point in the winter wheat experiment

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This paper concerns detection of the change point, which is treated as an abrupt change in the response function or one of its derivatives. The change point is identified using the semiparametric model and the theory given by Speckman (1994). The theory is illustrated by a real experiment in wchich the dry biomass of winter wheat is studied.
EN
In the paper two approaches to the problem of estimation of transition probabilities are considered. The approach by McCullagh and Nelder [5], based on the independent model and the quasi-likelihood function, is compared with the approach based on the marginal model and the standard likelihood function. The estimates following from these two approaches are illustrated on a simple example which was used by McCullagh and Nelder.
EN
In breeding experiments conducted prior to tests connected with the registration of new breeding lines of crops, pre-preliminary and preliminary trials are carried out. In this study a comparison was made among some models of analysis of variance, in relation to the selection of new breeding lines of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The aim is to determine whether the choice of model of analysis of variance may influence the choice of tested breeding lines. The trait considered was the yield in two years of trials. A more comprehensive analysis of variance model was found to be superior. It was also found that the results of analyses performed using average measurements for lines significantly differ from those obtained on the basis of all measurements. It was concluded that the type of ANOVA model used may have an impact on inferences about breeding lines. Moreover, a lack of stability in the yields of tested lines was revealed, implying the necessity of several years of trials.
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The differences between individual breeding lines of spring barley and a control variety were tested in terms of several measured (continuous) and qualitative traits. The impact of the qualitative traits (diseases) on the quantitative traits, especially yield, was assessed on the basis of the significance of differences for both qualitative traits and yield. Depending on the type of trait, either a logistic model or analysis of variance was used as a statistical tool. The statistically significant differences between some breeding lines and the control variety were shown. It was observed that in fodder barley both infection by mildew and lodging influenced yield. The results of analyses obtained in the so-called pre-preliminary trials and preliminary trials were different. This fact confirmed the necessity of repeating trials over several years.
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A remark on genotype selection in plant breeding projects

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One of the main problems in plant breeding is the selection of the best genotypes. Most often the selection is made using yield as a main trait of continuous type, and ignoring the other traits of discrete type. Here, a simple procedure is proposed for dealing with the selection problem using not only the yield, but also an auxiliary discrete trait. The method is based on transforming the continuous variable into a discrete one and testing the dependence of variables with the use of contingency tables. The procedure is illustrated by a real unreplicated experiment with winter wheat.
EN
It is investigated how a reduction in the number of measurements influences uniformity decisions in distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) testing. Using real data from DUS trials performed in Poland for several species, it is shown that when final decisions are taken after three years of testing, a reduction in the number of measurements by 50% of the numbers indicated in the Guidelines has very limited impact on decisions (rejection or approval of candidate variety). Decisions taken after one year (or two years) are more dependent on the numbers of measurements.
EN
A nonlinear statistical approach was used to evaluate the efficiency of plant protection products. The methodology presented can be implemented when the observations in an experiment are recorded as success or failure. This occurs, for example, when following the application of a herbicide or pesticide, a single weed or insect is classified as alive (failure) or dead (success). Then a higher probability of success means a higher efficiency of the tested product. Using simulated data sets, a comparison was made of three methods based on the logit, probit and threshold models, with special attention to the effect of sample size and number of replications on the accuracy of the estimation of probabilities.
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