We show that every compact connected group is the limit of a continuous inverse sequence, in the category of compact groups, where each successor bonding map is either an epimorphism with finite kernel or the projection from a product by a simple compact Lie group. As an application, we present a proof of an unpublished result of Charles Mills from 1978: every compact group is supercompact.
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In this paper, we continue the study of s-topological and irresolute-topological groups. We define semi-quotient mappings which are stronger than semi-continuous mappings, and then consider semi-quotient spaces and groups. It is proved that for some classes of irresolute-topological groups (G, *, τ) the semi-quotient space G/H is regular. Semi-isomorphisms of s-topological groups are also discussed.
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Let G be a paratopological group. Then G is said to be pseudobounded (resp. ω-pseudobounded) if for every neighbourhood V of the identity e in G, there exists a natural number n such that G = Vn (resp.we have G = ∪ n∈N Vn). We show that every feebly compact (2-pseudocompact) pseudobounded (ω-pseudobounded) premeager paratopological group is a topological group. Also,we prove that if G is a totally ω-pseudobounded paratopological group such that G is a Lusin space, then is G a topological group. We present some examples of paratopological groups with interesting properties: (1) There exists a metrizable, zero-dimensional and pseudobounded topological group; (2) There exists a Hausdorff ω-pseudobounded paratopological group G such that G contains a dense subgroup which is not ω-pseudobounded; (3) There exists a Hausdorff connected paratopological group which is not ω-pseudobounded.
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Given a topological property P, we study when it reflects in small continuous images, i.e., when for some infinite cardinal κ, a space X has P if and only if all its continuous images of weight less or equal to κ have P. We say that a cardinal invariant η reflects in continuous images of weight κ + if η(X) ≤ κ provided that η(Y) ≤ κ whenever Y is a continuous image of X of weight less or equal to κ +. We establish that, for any infinite cardinal κ, the spread, character, pseudocharacter and Souslin number reflect in continuous images of weight κ + for arbitrary Tychonoff spaces. We also show that the tightness reflects in continuous images of weight κ + for compact spaces. We present examples showing that separability, countable extent and normality do not reflect in continuous images of weight ω 1. Besides, under MA + ¬ CH, the Fréchet-Urysohn property does not reflect in continuous images of weight ω 1 even for compact spaces. An application of our techniques gives a solution of an open problem published by Ramírez-Páramo. If Jensen’s κ +-Axiom $$\left( {\diamondsuit _{\kappa ^ + } } \right)$$ holds for an infinite cardinal κ, then for an arbitrary space X with no G κ-points there exists a continuous surjective map f: X → Y such that w(Y) = κ + and Y has no G tk-points. We apply this result to solve a problem of Kalenda.
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We show that a regular totally ω-narrow paratopological group G has countable index of regularity, i.e., for every neighborhood U of the identity e of G, we can find a neighborhood V of e and a countable family of neighborhoods of e in G such that ∩W∈γ VW−1⊆ U. We prove that every regular (Hausdorff) totally !-narrow paratopological group is completely regular (functionally Hausdorff). We show that the index of regularity of a regular paratopological group is less than or equal to the weak Lindelöf number. We also prove that every Hausdorff paratopological group with countable π- character has a regular Gσ-diagonal.
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We construct a precompact completely regular paratopological Abelian group G of size (2ω)+ such that all subsets of G of cardinality ≤ 2ω are closed. This shows that Protasov’s theorem on non-closed discrete subsets of precompact topological groups cannot be extended to paratopological groups. We also prove that the group reflection of the product of an arbitrary family of paratopological (even semitopological) groups is topologically isomorphic to the product of the group reflections of the factors, and that the group reflection, H*, of a dense subgroup G of a paratopological group G is topologically isomorphic to a subgroup of G*.
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Hölzl et al. showed that it was possible to build “a generic theory of limits based on filters” in Isabelle/HOL [22], [7]. In this paper we present our formalization of this theory in Mizar [6]. First, we compare the notions of the limit of a family indexed by a directed set, or a sequence, in a metric space [30], a real normed linear space [29] and a linear topological space [14] with the concept of the limit of an image filter [16]. Then, following Bourbaki [9], [10] (TG.III, §5.1 Familles sommables dans un groupe commutatif), we conclude by defining the summable families in a commutative group (“additive notation” in [17]), using the notion of filters.
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For a topological property P, we say that a space X is star Pif for every open cover Uof the space X there exists Y ⊂ X such that St(Y,U) = X and Y has P. We consider star countable and star Lindelöf spaces establishing, among other things, that there exists first countable pseudocompact spaces which are not star Lindelöf. We also describe some classes of spaces in which star countability is equivalent to countable extent and show that a star countable space with a dense σ-compact subspace can have arbitrary extent. It is proved that for any ω 1-monolithic compact space X, if C p(X)is star countable then it is Lindelöf.
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