This paper identifies the impact of socio-economic development on migrations in Poland. It analyses the influence the development exerts on population’s migrations within the country. In addition, counties were ranked by their socio-economic development on the basis of such criteria as: the average investment in enterprises in PLN per capita, the average number of newly registered business entities per 1,000 inhabitants, a percentage growth in the number of apartments in 2010 against 2005, a monthly gross salary against the national average salary 2005–2010 and the average unemployment rate, from 2005–2010. Averaged data for poviats (administrative region of the 2nd order) reported for 2005 to 2010 were used to eliminate any short-term fluctuations of the economic condition which could come as a result of large investment projects or bankruptcies of enterprises; these could have caused an abrupt rise in unemployment. In consequence, they could trigger a momentary swift in ratios, disfiguring the end result. Next, a typology of poviats followed based on their socio-economic advancement and here the results were confronted with the net population migration index calculated for the analysed period. The typologies closing the paper present the interdependencies of the socio-economic development and movement of people. It was proven that the socio-economic development and its advancement is a factor which influences migrations of population in Poland. A division between a more developed western part of the country and considerably less developed eastern part of the country is showing. Furthermore, the largest cities and their outskirts have the highest economic potential.
Housing conditions are considered an element reflecting the living standard of the population. In addition, it is also an important index illustrating advancement of suburbanisation processes. The article presents diversification of housing conditions in two selected metropolitan areas: Warsaw, Kraków and Potential Rzeszów Metropolitan Area. Two indexes are analysed in the paper: the number of persons per apartment and the average floor space of apartments, in two time periods:1995 and 2010. On the basis of the indexes, a typology of municipalities within the metropolitan areas was created with the housing conditions criterion. At the next stage, fluctuations in the population and in the number of apartments in the area were analysed as the element explaining the above-presented transformations.
The author’s aim was to recognize the dynamics of population and net migration in Jaworze against the other communes of the Bielsko-Biala agglomeration and to identify inflow directions to this commune. Since 1989, the process of urbanization, has spread over most of the western part of the agglomeration, which contributed to the rapid development of Jaworze during the 1990s. Jaworze, located in the immediate vicinity of Bielsko-Biala, has high natural values . In terms of the residential attractiveness this municipality is one of the top rated ones in the whole voivodeship. Therefore, it is an area of inflow of migrants not only from Bielsko-Biala, but also from other parts of the region, including the Katowice conurbation. It is suggested that the Jaworze commune has reached maximum migration load from the point of view of the resources of land available for housing. However, this requires empirical verification.
PL
Celem autorki było rozpoznanie dynamiki zaludnienia i salda migracji w gminie Jaworze na tle pozostałych gmin aglomeracji Bielska-Białej oraz identyfikacja kierunków napływu ludności do tej gminy. Po 1989 r. proces urbanizacji wyraźnie objął zachodnią część aglomeracji bielskiej, co przyczyniło się do szybkiego rozwoju Jaworza w latach 90. XX w. Gmina ta, położona w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie Bielska-Białej, ma duże walory przyrodnicze, a pod względem atrakcyjności rezydencjalnej jest jedną z najwyżej ocenionych gmin w województwie śląskim. Stanowi więc obszar napływu migrantów nie tylko z Bielska-Białej, lecz również z innych części regionu, m.in. z konurbacji katowickiej. Istnieją przesłanki sugerujące, że gmina Jaworze osiąga już maksimum obciążenia migracyjnego z punktu widzenia zasobu wolnych terenów pod zabudowę mieszkaniową – co wymaga jednak empirycznej weryfikacji.
The author has dealt with a role of the small city of Kuřim (population ca. 11,000) in the suburban zone of Brno. Based on statistical data and field research, this small towns was analysed with its own activities in jobs and services to compare it with suburbanized villages almost completely reliant on commuting to the main city. Kuřim is a subordinated job centre and junction of the public transport distributing transport flows on the north-western fringe of Brno, including mutual commuting between Brno and Kuřim. Some indices like unemployment rate or education structure are expressively better at Kuřim than in Brno. On the other side, a poorer social infrastructure (in comparison with other small towns of similar size) signalizes weak central role of suburbanized small town in this sphere – except of some administrative activities. Possible losing of their own identity in view to proximity of Brno is another important factor for suburban small towns. The intensive traffic puts high demands on the road network which sometimes lags behind the population development. Future development is unclear. Kuřim grows due to the natural increase (as a consequence of earlier young families inflow), whereas the construction of flats and further immigration have been almost stopped during the economic crisis.
The subject of this paper is the issue of urban sprawling in the Kraków Metropolitan Area (Poland). Particular attention is paid on the changing role of industry as one of the key elements of development and metropolization of cities in post-socialist, emerging economies. The role of the industry in terms of activation of labor resources has been diminishing, which is connected to the automation of manufacturing processes and relocations of labor-intensive activities to regions with lower production costs. However, the industry, particularly hightech manufacturing, plays a significant role in stimulating research and development sector and generate innovations as a key component of the knowledge-based economy. The innovative industrial companies are one of the most important elements of the structure of metropolitan cities. The analysis of this process is based on data on employment and the operation of selected industrial companies, with particular emphasis on their shift from the city to the suburbs. The process of decentralization of high-order producer services, cultural services as well as advanced informational services is one of the most important features of modern urban areas and has been identified by many researchers.
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