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Impact of selected socio-economic factors on migration patterns in Poland

100%
Raźniak P.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica
|
2015
|
tom 9
118-132
EN
This paper identifies the impact of socio-economic development on migrations in Poland. It analyses the influence the development exerts on population’s migrations within the country. In addition, counties were ranked by their socio-economic development on the basis of such criteria as: the average investment in enterprises in PLN per capita, the average number of newly registered business entities per 1,000 inhabitants, a percentage growth in the number of apartments in 2010 against 2005, a monthly gross salary against the national average salary 2005–2010 and the average unemployment rate, from 2005–2010. Averaged data for poviats (administrative region of the 2nd order) reported for 2005 to 2010 were used to eliminate any short-term fluctuations of the economic condition which could come as a result of large investment projects or bankruptcies of enterprises; these could have caused an abrupt rise in unemployment. In consequence, they could trigger a momentary swift in ratios, disfiguring the end result. Next, a typology of poviats followed based on their socio-economic advancement and here the results were confronted with the net population migration index calculated for the analysed period. The typologies closing the paper present the interdependencies of the socio-economic development and movement of people. It was proven that the socio-economic development and its advancement is a factor which influences migrations of population in Poland. A division between a more developed western part of the country and considerably less developed eastern part of the country is showing. Furthermore, the largest cities and their outskirts have the highest economic potential.
2
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Conditions of divided towns development – an example of Guben and Gubin

51%
Brzosko-Sermak A., Płaziak M.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica
|
2015
|
tom 8
123-134
PL
The article concerns about conditions of development of a peculiar small towns – Guben (German) and Gubin (Polish). Their situation is interesting with reference to their border location, as well as peripheral and divided and because of the geopolitical context of globalization and European integration where they have to deal with it in a common way. The main objective of this article was to discover the differences and similarities of two border towns as a base for their future socio-economic development and co-operation due to the new political situation and end of barriers, both institutional and legal. Spatial analyses focused on two towns – Guben and Gubin, nowadays divided by a Polish-German border, that before World War II used to be one unit. The temporal extent of the article refers to the period of 1995–2012, but some historical background was also showed. The applied methods and data sources were based on Polish and German statis tics. The demographical and economic situation was analysed and showed a difficult and complex problems in both towns despite the fact that in details they differ from each other. Detailed analysis included: the population number, the births and deaths rates as well as migration balance. The economic and functional images of both towns are different and traffic at the border-crossing does not play a stimulant role. Due to the EU and Schengen Area enlargement in Guben and Gubin did not greatly stimulate the socio-economic situation. The representatives of both towns stated that common actions are a viable and the best solution to problems of both towns.
3
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Population changes as litmus paper of the socio-economic development level of small towns in Poland

51%
Kwiatek-Sołtys A.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica
|
2015
|
tom 8
39-53
PL
The main aim of the author was to analyse the population changes of small towns in Poland between 2002 and 2012. Small towns’ reaction to the global and regional demographic trends confirms their position between the rural areas and the urban municipalities. The differences between separate towns are significant, however those located within the metropolitan areas in Poland show a positive population dynamics, natural growth and migration balance net indexes. The image of small towns in terms of demographic changes is for that reason adequate to their socio-economic situation. However the question of the development of small satellite towns is asked as the functions are often leached to the core areas of the metropolis. The emerging problem of the depopulation of the vast majority of towns is also stressed in the paper. The depopulation types (in Webb typology) concern nearly 72% of all Polish small towns.
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