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1

Group of Homography in Real Projective Plane

100%

Coghetto R.

Formalized Mathematics

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2017

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tom 25

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nr 1

55-62

EN

Using the Mizar system [2], we formalized that homographies of the projective real plane (as defined in [5]), form a group. Then, we prove that, using the notations of Borsuk and Szmielew in [3] “Consider in space ℝℙ2 points P1, P2, P3, P4 of which three points are not collinear and points Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 each three points of which are also not collinear. There exists one homography h of space ℝℙ2 such that h(Pi) = Qi for i = 1, 2, 3, 4.” (Existence Statement 52 and Existence Statement 53) [3]. Or, using notations of Richter [11] “Let [a], [b], [c], [d] in ℝℙ2 be four points of which no three are collinear and let [a′],[b′],[c′],[d′] in ℝℙ2 be another four points of which no three are collinear, then there exists a 3 × 3 matrix M such that [Ma] = [a′], [Mb] = [b′], [Mc] = [c′], and [Md] = [d′]” Makarios has formalized the same results in Isabelle/Isar (the collineations form a group, lemma statement52-existence and lemma statement 53-existence) and published it in Archive of Formal Proofs [10], [9].

2

Pascal’s Theorem in Real Projective Plane

100%

Coghetto R.

Formalized Mathematics

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2017

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tom 25

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nr 2

107-119

EN

In this article we check, with the Mizar system [2], Pascal’s theorem in the real projective plane (in projective geometry Pascal’s theorem is also known as the Hexagrammum Mysticum Theorem)1. Pappus’ theorem is a special case of a degenerate conic of two lines. For proving Pascal’s theorem, we use the techniques developed in the section “Projective Proofs of Pappus’ Theorem” in the chapter “Pappus’ Theorem: Nine proofs and three variations” [11]. We also follow some ideas from Harrison’s work. With HOL Light, he has the proof of Pascal’s theorem2. For a lemma, we use PROVER93 and OTT2MIZ by Josef Urban4 [12, 6, 7]. We note, that we don’t use Skolem/Herbrand functions (see “Skolemization” in [1]).

3

Homography in ℝℙ

88%

Coghetto R.

Formalized Mathematics

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2016

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tom 24

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nr 4

239-251

EN

The real projective plane has been formalized in Isabelle/HOL by Timothy Makarios [13] and in Coq by Nicolas Magaud, Julien Narboux and Pascal Schreck [12]. Some definitions on the real projective spaces were introduced early in the Mizar Mathematical Library by Wojciech Leonczuk [9], Krzysztof Prazmowski [10] and by Wojciech Skaba [18]. In this article, we check with the Mizar system [4], some properties on the determinants and the Grassmann-Plücker relation in rank 3 [2], [1], [7], [16], [17]. Then we show that the projective space induced (in the sense defined in [9]) by ℝ3 is a projective plane (in the sense defined in [10]). Finally, in the real projective plane, we define the homography induced by a 3-by-3 invertible matrix and we show that the images of 3 collinear points are themselves collinear.

Ograniczanie wyników

3 Formalized Mathematics

3 Coghetto R.

2 2017

1 2016

Group of Homography in Real Projective Plane

Pascal’s Theorem in Real Projective Plane

Homography in ℝℙ