This paper identifies the impact of socio-economic development on migrations in Poland. It analyses the influence the development exerts on population’s migrations within the country. In addition, counties were ranked by their socio-economic development on the basis of such criteria as: the average investment in enterprises in PLN per capita, the average number of newly registered business entities per 1,000 inhabitants, a percentage growth in the number of apartments in 2010 against 2005, a monthly gross salary against the national average salary 2005–2010 and the average unemployment rate, from 2005–2010. Averaged data for poviats (administrative region of the 2nd order) reported for 2005 to 2010 were used to eliminate any short-term fluctuations of the economic condition which could come as a result of large investment projects or bankruptcies of enterprises; these could have caused an abrupt rise in unemployment. In consequence, they could trigger a momentary swift in ratios, disfiguring the end result. Next, a typology of poviats followed based on their socio-economic advancement and here the results were confronted with the net population migration index calculated for the analysed period. The typologies closing the paper present the interdependencies of the socio-economic development and movement of people. It was proven that the socio-economic development and its advancement is a factor which influences migrations of population in Poland. A division between a more developed western part of the country and considerably less developed eastern part of the country is showing. Furthermore, the largest cities and their outskirts have the highest economic potential.
The author’s aim was to recognize the dynamics of population and net migration in Jaworze against the other communes of the Bielsko-Biala agglomeration and to identify inflow directions to this commune. Since 1989, the process of urbanization, has spread over most of the western part of the agglomeration, which contributed to the rapid development of Jaworze during the 1990s. Jaworze, located in the immediate vicinity of Bielsko-Biala, has high natural values . In terms of the residential attractiveness this municipality is one of the top rated ones in the whole voivodeship. Therefore, it is an area of inflow of migrants not only from Bielsko-Biala, but also from other parts of the region, including the Katowice conurbation. It is suggested that the Jaworze commune has reached maximum migration load from the point of view of the resources of land available for housing. However, this requires empirical verification.
PL
Celem autorki było rozpoznanie dynamiki zaludnienia i salda migracji w gminie Jaworze na tle pozostałych gmin aglomeracji Bielska-Białej oraz identyfikacja kierunków napływu ludności do tej gminy. Po 1989 r. proces urbanizacji wyraźnie objął zachodnią część aglomeracji bielskiej, co przyczyniło się do szybkiego rozwoju Jaworza w latach 90. XX w. Gmina ta, położona w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie Bielska-Białej, ma duże walory przyrodnicze, a pod względem atrakcyjności rezydencjalnej jest jedną z najwyżej ocenionych gmin w województwie śląskim. Stanowi więc obszar napływu migrantów nie tylko z Bielska-Białej, lecz również z innych części regionu, m.in. z konurbacji katowickiej. Istnieją przesłanki sugerujące, że gmina Jaworze osiąga już maksimum obciążenia migracyjnego z punktu widzenia zasobu wolnych terenów pod zabudowę mieszkaniową – co wymaga jednak empirycznej weryfikacji.
Total permanent migration in Poland at the turn of the 21st century was influenced by the political and economic events (economic transformation and the change of the political system in 1989, and accession to the European Union). Among the types of international migration, temporary emigration prevailed. Emigrants were usually aged between 18 and 39,and came mostly from urban areas. Until the year 2000, the prevailing direction in internal migration was the movement from rural to urban areas, and since then, a reversal of this trend has been observed. Positive net migration was recorded mainly in the suburbs of large cities and suburban municipalities. As a result of this trend, suburbanization and metropolization processes intensified in Poland. On the other hand, agricultural and peripheral areas, as well as smaller towns, have begun to lose their importance and are often characterized by a negative migration balance, as opposed to the suburban areas of the biggest cities in Poland.
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