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EN
Critical socio-political changes that have happened in Europe during the last twenty years, particularly in East-Central Europe, have had a great influence on the development of cities and the surrounding areas. The state welfare structure of West European countries has influenced the socioeconomic development of their cities. On the other hand, the state–managed economy in East-Central Europe controlled the local communities, which had great impact on their undertakings. The changes in political structure and economic reform policies have in turn resulted in changes in social institutions and property relations. Nowadays, the socioeconomic growth of the cities has taken place essentially in the areas around the cities. Innovation is one of the most important factors of the enterprise development there. The author concentrates on the consequences of alternative forms of innovation in the tourist areas and uses Bruges and Dresden as case studies; he refers to economic restructuring and innovative efforts in Erfurt.
EN
The author presents the development of modern methods of environmental education based on the example of the Zawoja commune. The paper presents the educational infrastructure already formed (nine nature trails and educational infrastructure founded by the Babia Góra National Park and targeted at disabled people). The mountain centre at Zawoja that will be concerned with the teaching of the mountains and mountaineering was also presented. The author additionally presented four projected geotourism trails aimed at educating about the processes shaping the Earth’s surface.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono sposoby nowoczesnego rozwoju edukacji przyrodniczej na przykładzie gminy Zawoja. Zaprezentowano powstałą już infrastrukturę dydaktyczną (9 ścieżek dydaktycznych oraz infrastrukturę dydaktyczną skierowaną do osób niepełnosprawnych, na terenie Babiogórskiego Parku Narodowego). Następnie zaprezentowano będące w trakcie budowy Centrum Górskie w Zawoi, które ma pełnić funkcję dydaktyczną na temat obszarów górskich i himalaizmu. Autor zaprezentował też cztery projekty szlaków geoturystycznych, mających na celu edukację w zakresie procesów kształtujących powierzchnię Ziemi.
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80%
EN
Technological and economic transformation of the past few decades resulted in a significant re-evaluation of the factors affecting the location of economic activity. General trend in these changes is the declining importance of the so-called “hard factors”, “cost factors” (such as transport costs, labour costs and the amount of taxes), as opposed to the so-called “soft factors”; special emphasis among these factors is placed on human capital. An important aspect of the human factor in the process of innovative economy development, is the quality of life in the area. The high quality of life in a given place encourages people with high creative potential to live in this place. According to Richard Florida’s theories, people do not migrate to find work, but work follows people. Therefore, the so-called “good climate for people” is one of the most important factors for growth in the regions. Qualities, such as cultural heritage, clean air, high level of safety, and the atmosphere of openness and tolerance, are the factors that are increasingly important for the choice of residence. Moreover, there are also features of attractive tourist sites. According to the above statements, it seems that touristic regions in economically developed countries, in addition to large cities, are one of the more desirable places to live for creative people, which is a potential source of innovation for local and regional economies. Assuming that the abovementioned correlations exist, this paper attempts to assess the attractiveness of tourist regions of France. The size and the structure of accommodation was chosen as the indicator of tourist attractiveness.
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