Let G be a 2-connected graph of order n satisfying α(G) = a ≤ κ(G), where α(G) and κ(G) are the independence number and the connectivity of G, respectively, and let r(m,n) denote the Ramsey number. The well-known Chvátal-Erdös Theorem states that G has a hamiltonian cycle. In this paper, we extend this theorem, and prove that G has a 2-factor with a specified number of components if n is sufficiently large. More precisely, we prove that (1) if n ≥ k·r(a+4, a+1), then G has a 2-factor with k components, and (2) if n ≥ r(2a+3, a+1)+3(k-1), then G has a 2-factor with k components such that all components but one have order three.
We consider cubic graphs formed with k ≥ 2 disjoint claws $C_i ~ K_{1,3}$ (0 ≤ i ≤ k-1) such that for every integer i modulo k the three vertices of degree 1 of $C_i$ are joined to the three vertices of degree 1 of $C_{i-1}$ and joined to the three vertices of degree 1 of $C_{i+1}$. Denote by $t_i$ the vertex of degree 3 of $C_i$ and by T the set ${t₁,t₂,...,t_{k-1}}$. In such a way we construct three distinct graphs, namely FS(1,k), FS(2,k) and FS(3,k). The graph FS(j,k) (j ∈ {1,2,3}) is the graph where the set of vertices $⋃_{i = 0}^{i = k-1} V(C_i)∖T$ induce j cycles (note that the graphs FS(2,2p+1), p ≥ 2, are the flower snarks defined by Isaacs [8]). We determine the number of perfect matchings of every FS(j,k). A cubic graph G is said to be 2-factor hamiltonian if every 2-factor of G is a hamiltonian cycle. We characterize the graphs FS(j,k) that are 2-factor hamiltonian (note that FS(1,3) is the "Triplex Graph" of Robertson, Seymour and Thomas [15]). A strong matching M in a graph G is a matching M such that there is no edge of E(G) connecting any two edges of M. A cubic graph having a perfect matching union of two strong matchings is said to be a Jaeger's graph. We characterize the graphs FS(j,k) that are Jaeger's graphs.
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