We present a two-dimensional linear regression model where both variables are subject to error. We discuss a model where one variable of each pair of observables is repeated. We suggest two methods to construct consistent estimators: the maximum likelihood method and the method which applies variance components theory. We study asymptotic properties of these estimators. We prove that the asymptotic variances of the estimators of regression slopes for both methods are comparable.
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The problem of nonparametric function fitting with the observation model $y_i = f(x_i) + η_i$, i=1,...,n, is considered, where $η_i$ are independent random variables with zero mean value and finite variance, and $x_i \in [a,b] \subset \R^1$, i=1,...,n, form a random sample from a distribution with density $ϱ \in L^1[a,b]$ and are independent of the errors $η_i$, i=1,...,n. The asymptotic properties of the estimator $\widehat{f}_{N(n)}(x) = \sum_{k=1}^{N(n)} \widehat{c}_ke_k(x)$ for $f \in L^2[a,b]$ and $\widehat{c}^{N(n)}=( \widehat{c}_1,..., \widehat{c}_{N(n)})^T$ obtained by the least squares method as well as the limits in probability of the estimators $\widehat{c}_k$, k=1,...,N, for fixed N, are studied in the case when the functions $e_k$, k=1,2,..., forming a complete orthonormal system in $L^2\[a,b\]$ are analytic.
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The problem of nonparametric estimation of the regression function f(x) = E(Y | X=x) using the orthonormal system of trigonometric functions or Legendre polynomials $e_k$, k=0,1,2,..., is considered in the case where a sample of i.i.d. copies $(X_i,Y_i)$, i=1,...,n, of the random variable (X,Y) is available and the marginal distribution of X has density ϱ ∈ $L^1$[a,b]. The constructed estimators are of the form $\widehat f_n(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{N(n)}\widehat c_ke_k(x)$, where the coefficients $\widehat c_0,\widehat c_1,...,\widehat c_N$ are determined by minimizing the empirical risk $n^{-1}\sum_{i=1}^n(Y_i - \sum_{k=0}^Nc_ke_k(X_i))^2$. Sufficient conditions for consistency of the estimators in the sense of the errors $E_X\vert f(X)-\widehat f_n(X)\vert^2$ and $n^{-1}\sum_{i=1}^nE(f(X_i)-\widehat f_n(X_i))^2$ are obtained.
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The problem of nonparametric regression function estimation is considered using the complete orthonormal system of trigonometric functions or Legendre polynomials $e_k$, k=0,1,..., for the observation model $y_i = f(x_i) + η_i $, i=1,...,n, where the $η_i$ are independent random variables with zero mean value and finite variance, and the observation points $x_i\in[a,b]$, i=1,...,n, form a random sample from a distribution with density $ϱ\in L^1[a,b]$. Sufficient and necessary conditions are obtained for consistency in the sense of the errors $\Vert f-\widehat f_N\Vert, \vert f(x)-\widehatf_N(x)\vert$, $x\in[a,b]$, and $E\Vert f-\widehatf_N\Vert^2$ of the projection estimator $\widehat f_N(x) = \sum_{k=0}^N\widehat{c}_ke_k(x)$ for $\widehat{c}_0,\widehat{c}_1,\ldots,\widehat{c}_N$ determined by the least squares method and $f\in L^2[a,b]$.
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The properties of two recursive estimators of the Fourier coefficients of a regression function $f \in L^2[a,b]$ with respect to a complete orthonormal system of bounded functions (e_k) , k=1,2,..., are considered in the case of the observation model $y_i = f(x_i) + η_i$, i=1,...,n , where $η_i$ are independent random variables with zero mean and finite variance, $x_i \in [a,b] \subset {\sym R}^1$, i=1,...,n, form a random sample from a distribution with density ϱ =1/(b-a) (uniform distribution) and are independent of the errors $η_i$, i=1,...,n . Unbiasedness and mean-square consistency of the examined estimators are proved and their mean-square errors are compared.
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The problem of nonparametric function fitting using the complete orthogonal system of trigonometric functions $e_k$, k=0,1,2,..., for the observation model $y_i = f(x_{in}) + η_i$, i=1,...,n, is considered, where $η_i$ are uncorrelated random variables with zero mean value and finite variance, and the observation points $x_{in} ∈ [0,2π]$, i=1,...,n, are equidistant. Conditions for convergence of the mean-square prediction error $(1/n)\sum_{i=1}^n E(f(x_{in})-\widehat f_{N(n)}(x_{in}))^2$, the integrated mean-square error $E ‖f-\widehat f_{N(n)}‖^2$ and the pointwise mean-square error $E(f(x)-\widehatf_{N(n)}(x))^2$ of the estimator $\widehat f_{N(n)}(x) = \sum_{k=0}^{N(n)} \widehat c_k e_k(x)$ for f ∈ C[0,2π] and $\widehat c_0,\widehat c_1,...,\widehat c_{N(n)}$ obtained by the least squares method are studied.
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