The paper concerns the concept of refinement as a commonly used design practice in the software development process. The refinement relationship is formulated and formally expressed for UML collaborations. Collaborations are suitable for presenting the proposed approach as they represent both static and dynamic aspects of a modeled system or its part, for example, a use case. Our approach to refinement is based on the rule of preserving the observable behavior of a modeled system. The introduced notion of sub-collaborations allows us to refine collaboration diagrams in a systematic way.
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The lack of formal semantics for the UML creates many ambiguity problems, especially when real-time systems are specified. The paper proposes an approach to a formal definition of UML statecharts. Main features of the UML statecharts are described, and next, a transformation of the UML statecharts into LOTOS is defined.
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Any successful company must react quickly to changing trends in the market. New products should be designed and manufactured quicker and cheaper than counter partners do. A shorter design time provides a distinct competitive advantage. The paper describes two approaches towards designing interdisciplinary mechatronic systems: the first is visual modelling with the UML, the second is physical modelling with Modelica.
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