Let p be an odd prime and k an arbitrary field of characteristic not p. We determine the obstructions for the realizability as Galois groups over k of all groups of orders p 5 and p 6 that have an abelian quotient obtained by factoring out central subgroups of order p or p 2. These obstructions are decomposed as products of p-cyclic algebras, provided that k contains certain roots of unity.
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In this paper we develop some new theoretical criteria for the realizability of p-groups as Galois groups over arbitrary fields. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the realizability of 14 of the 22 non-abelian 2-groups having a cyclic subgroup of index 4 that are not direct products of groups.
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In [Michailov I.M., On Galois cohomology and realizability of 2-groups as Galois groups, Cent. Eur. J. Math., 2011, 9(2), 403–419] we calculated the obstructions to the realizability as Galois groups of 14 non-abelian groups of order 2n, n ≥ 4, having a cyclic subgroup of order 2n−2, over fields containing a primitive 2n−3th root of unity. In the present paper we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the realizability of the remaining 8 groups that are not direct products of smaller groups.
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