Let L be a second order, linear, parabolic partial differential operator, with bounded Hölder continuous coefficients, defined on the closure of the strip $X = ℝ^{n} × ]0,a[$. We prove a representation theorem for an arbitrary $C^{2,1}$ function, in terms of the fundamental solution of the equation Lu=0. Such a theorem was proved in an earlier paper for a parabolic operator in divergence form with $C^{∞}$ coefficients, but here much weaker conditions suffice. Some consequences of the representation theorem, for the solutions of Lu=0, are also presented.
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Several authors have found the characteristic mean value formula for temperatures over heat spheres. Those who derived a corresponding formula over heat balls have all chosen different mean values. In this paper we discuss an infinity of possible means over heat balls, and show that, in the wider context of subtemperatures, some are more desirable than others.
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