We study the behavior of a continuous flow near a boundary. We prove that if φ is a flow on $E = ℝ^{n+1}$ for which $∂E = ℝ^n × {0}$ is an invariant set and S ⊂ ∂E is an isolated invariant set, with non-zero homological Conley index, then there exists an x in E\∂E such that either α(x) or ω(x) is in S. We also prove an index theorem for a flow on $ℝ^n × [0,∞)$.
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This is a survey of known results on estimating the principal Lyapunov exponent of a timedependent linear differential equation possessing some monotonicity properties. Equations considered are mainly strongly cooperative systems of ordinary differential equations and parabolic partial differential equations of second order. The estimates are given either in terms of the principal (dominant) eigenvalue of some derived time-independent equation or in terms of the parameters of the equation itself. Extensions to other differential equations are considered. Possible directions of further research are hinted.
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