This paper presents an account of some recent approaches to the Invariant Subspace Problem. It contains a brief historical account of the problem, and some more detailed discussions of specific topics, namely, universal operators, the Bishop operators, and Read’s Banach space counter-example involving a finitely strictly singular operator.
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For an absolutely continuous contraction T on a Hilbert space 𝓗, it is shown that the factorization of various classes of L¹ functions f by vectors x and y in 𝓗, in the sense that ⟨Tⁿx,y⟩ = f̂(-n) for n ≥ 0, implies the existence of invariant subspaces for T, or in some cases for rational functions of T. One of the main tools employed is the operator-valued Poisson kernel. Finally, a link is established between L¹ factorizations and the moment sequences studied in the Atzmon-Godefroy method, from which further results on invariant subspaces are derived.
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The theory of quasimultipliers in Banach algebras is developed in order to provide a mechanism for defining the boundary values of analytic semigroups on a sector in the complex plane. Then, some methods are presented for deriving lower estimates for operators defined in terms of quasinilpotent semigroups using techniques from the theory of complex analysis.
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