Let two lattices $Λ', Λ'' ⊂ ℝ^s$ have the same number of points on each hyperbolic surface $|x₁...x_s| = C$. We investigate the case when Λ', Λ'' are sublattices of $ℤ^s$ of the same prime index and show that then Λ' and Λ'' must coincide up to renumbering the coordinate axes and changing their directions.
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We show that if A and B are finite sets of real numbers, then the number of triples (a,b,c) ∈ A × B × (A ∪ B) with a + b = 2c is at most (0.15+o(1))(|A|+|B|)² as |A| + |B| → ∞. As a corollary, if A is antisymmetric (that is, A ∩ (-A) = ∅), then there are at most (0.3+o(1))|A|² triples (a,b,c) with a,b,c ∈ A and a - b = 2c. In the general case where A is not necessarily antisymmetric, we show that the number of triples (a,b,c) with a,b,c ∈ A and a - b = 2c is at most (0.5+o(1))|A|². These estimates are sharp.
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What is the structure of a pair of finite integers sets A,B ⊂ ℤ with the small value of |A+B|? We answer this question for addition coefficient 3. The obtained theorem sharpens the corresponding results of G. Freiman.
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