In this paper basic differential invariants of generic hyperbolic Monge-Ampère equations with respect to contact transformations are constructed and the equivalence problem for these equations is solved.
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All second order scalar differential invariants of symplectic hyperbolic and elliptic Monge-Ampère equations with respect to symplectomorphisms are explicitly computed. In particular, it is shown that the number of independent second order invariants is equal to 7, in sharp contrast with general Monge-Ampère equations for which this number is equal to 2. We also introduce a series of invariant differential forms and vector fields which allow us to construct numerous scalar differential invariants of higher order. The introduced invariants give a solution of the symplectic equivalence of Monge-Ampère equations. As an example we study equations of the form u xy + f(x, y, u x, u y) = 0 and in particular find a simple linearization criterion.
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The method of contact integrable extensions is used to find new differential coverings for the generalized (2 + 1)-dimensional dispersionless Dym equation and corresponding Bäcklund transformations.
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We use the general theory developed in our article [Čap A., Melnick K., Essential Killing fields of parabolic geometries, Indiana Univ. Math. J. (in press)], in the setting of parabolic geometries to reprove known results on special infinitesimal automorphisms of projective and conformal geometries.
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Several examples of gaps (lacunes) between dimensions of maximal and submaximal symmetric models are considered, which include investigation of number of independent linear and quadratic integrals of metrics and counting the symmetries of geometric structures and differential equations. A general result clarifying this effect in the case when the structure is associated to a vector distribution, is proposed.
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We apply Cartan’s method of equivalence to find a Bäcklund autotransformation for the tangent covering of the universal hierarchy equation. The transformation provides a recursion operator for symmetries of this equation.
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