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1
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Lusin sequences under CH and under Martin's Axiom

100%
Abraham U., Shelah S.
Fundamenta Mathematicae
|
2001
|
tom 169
|
nr 2
97-103
EN
Assuming the continuum hypothesis there is an inseparable sequence of length ω₁ that contains no Lusin subsequence, while if Martin's Axiom and ¬ CH are assumed then every inseparable sequence (of length ω₁) is a union of countably many Lusin subsequences.
2
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Hausdorff ’s theorem for posets that satisfy the finite antichain property

100%
Abraham U., Bonnet R.
Fundamenta Mathematicae
|
1999
|
tom 159
|
nr 1
51-69
EN
Hausdorff characterized the class of scattered linear orderings as the least family of linear orderings that includes the ordinals and is closed under ordinal summations and inversions. We formulate and prove a corresponding characterization of the class of scattered partial orderings that satisfy the finite antichain condition (FAC).  Consider the least class of partial orderings containing the class of well-founded orderings that satisfy the FAC and is closed under the following operations: (1) inversion, (2) lexicographic sum, and (3) augmentation (where $⟨P, \preceq⟩$ augments ⟨P, ≤⟩ iff $x \preceq y$ whenever x ≤ y). We show that this closure consists of all scattered posets satisfying the
3
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More results in polychromatic Ramsey theory

100%
Abraham U., Cummings J.
Open Mathematics
|
2012
|
tom 10
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nr 3
1004-1016
EN
We study polychromatic Ramsey theory with a focus on colourings of [ω 2]2. We show that in the absence of GCH there is a wide range of possibilities. In particular each of the following is consistent relative to the consistency of ZFC: (1) 2ω = ω 2 and $\omega _2 \to ^{poly} (\alpha )_{\aleph _0 - bdd}^2 $ for every α <ω 2; (2) 2ω = ω 2 and $\omega _2 \nrightarrow ^{poly} (\omega _1 )_{2 - bdd}^2 $ .
4
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Partition properties of ω1 compatible with CH

100%
Abraham U., Todorčević S.
Fundamenta Mathematicae
|
1997
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tom 152
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nr 2
165-181
EN
A combinatorial statement concerning ideals of countable subsets of ω is introduced and proved to be consistent with the Continuum Hypothesis. This statement implies the Suslin Hypothesis, that all (ω, ω*)-gaps are Hausdorff, and that every coherent sequence on ω either almost includes or is orthogonal to some uncountable subset of ω.
5
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Event-Based Proof of the Mutual Exclusion Property of Peterson’s Algorithm

81%
Ivanov I., Nikitchenko M., Abraham U.
Formalized Mathematics
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2015
|
tom 23
|
nr 4
325-331
EN
Proving properties of distributed algorithms is still a highly challenging problem and various approaches that have been proposed to tackle it [1] can be roughly divided into state-based and event-based proofs. Informally speaking, state-based approaches define the behavior of a distributed algorithm as a set of sequences of memory states during its executions, while event-based approaches treat the behaviors by means of events which are produced by the executions of an algorithm. Of course, combined approaches are also possible. Analysis of the literature [1], [7], [12], [9], [13], [14], [15] shows that state-based approaches are more widely used than event-based approaches for proving properties of algorithms, and the difficulties in the event-based approach are often emphasized. We believe, however, that there is a certain naturalness and intuitive content in event-based proofs of correctness of distributed algorithms that makes this approach worthwhile. Besides, state-based proofs of correctness of distributed algorithms are usually applicable only to discrete-time models of distributed systems and cannot be easily adapted to the continuous time case which is important in the domain of cyber-physical systems. On the other hand, event-based proofs can be readily applied to continuous-time / hybrid models of distributed systems. In the paper [2] we presented a compositional approach to reasoning about behavior of distributed systems in terms of events. Compositionality here means (informally) that semantics and properties of a program is determined by semantics of processes and process communication mechanisms. We demonstrated the proposed approach on a proof of the mutual exclusion property of the Peterson’s algorithm [11]. We have also demonstrated an application of this approach for proving the mutual exclusion property in the setting of continuous-time models of cyber-physical systems in [8]. Using Mizar [3], in this paper we give a formal proof of the mutual exclusion property of the Peterson’s algorithm in Mizar on the basis of the event-based approach proposed in [2]. Firstly, we define an event-based model of a shared-memory distributed system as a multi-sorted algebraic structure in which sorts are events, processes, locations (i.e. addresses in the shared memory), traces (of the system). The operations of this structure include a binary precedence relation ⩽ on the set of events which turns it into a linear preorder (events are considered simultaneous, if e1 ⩽ e2 and e2 ⩽ e1), special predicates which check if an event occurs in a given process or trace, predicates which check if an event causes the system to read from or write to a given memory location, and a special partial function “val of” on events which gives the value associated with a memory read or write event (i.e. a value which is written or is read in this event) [2]. Then we define several natural consistency requirements (axioms) for this structure which must hold in every distributed system, e.g. each event occurs in some process, etc. (details are given in [2]). After this we formulate and prove the main theorem about the mutual exclusion property of the Peterson’s algorithm in an arbitrary consistent algebraic structure of events. Informally, the main theorem states that if a system consists of two processes, and in some trace there occur two events e1 and e2 in different processes and each of these events is preceded by a series of three special events (in the same process) guaranteed by execution of the Peterson’s algorithm (setting the flag of the current process, writing the identifier of the opposite process to the “turn” shared variable, and reading zero from the flag of the opposite process or reading the identifier of the current process from the “turn” variable), and moreover, if neither process writes to the flag of the opposite process or writes its own identifier to the “turn” variable, then either the events e1 and e2 coincide, or they are not simultaneous (mutual exclusion property).
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