Let A be a unital C*-algebra. Denote by P the space of selfadjoint projections of A. We study the relationship between P and the spaces of projections $P_a$ determined by the different involutions $#_a$ induced by positive invertible elements a ∈ A. The maps $φ:P → P_a$ sending p to the unique $q ∈ P_a$ with the same range as p and $Ω_a : P_a → P_a$ sending q to the unitary part of the polar decomposition of the symmetry 2q-1 are shown to be diffeomorphisms. We characterize the pairs of idempotents q,r ∈ A with ||q-r|| < 1 such that there exists a positive element a ∈ A satisfying $q,r ∈ P_a$. In this case q and r can be joined by a unique short geodesic along the space of idempotents Q of A.
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A positive operator A and a closed subspace 𝓢 of a Hilbert space ℋ are called compatible if there exists a projector Q onto 𝓢 such that AQ = Q*A. Compatibility is shown to depend on the existence of certain decompositions of ℋ and the ranges of A and $A^{1/2}$. It also depends on a certain angle between A(𝓢) and the orthogonal of 𝓢.
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For a fixed n > 2, we study the set Λ of generalized idempotents, which are operators satisfying T n+1 = T. Also the subsets Λ†, of operators such that T n−1 is the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse of T, and Λ*, of operators such that T n−1 = T* (known as generalized projections) are studied. The local smooth structure of these sets is examined.
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