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Operators with hypercyclic Cesaro means

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An operator T on a Banach space ℬ is said to be hypercyclic if there exists a vector x such that the orbit ${Tⁿx}_{n≥1}$ is dense in ℬ. Hypercyclicity is a strong kind of cyclicity which requires that the linear span of the orbit is dense in ℬ. If the arithmetic means of the orbit of x are dense in ℬ then the operator T is said to be Cesàro-hypercyclic. Apparently Cesàro-hypercyclicity is a strong version of hypercyclicity. We prove that an operator is Cesàro-hypercyclic if and only if there exists a vector x ∈ ℬ such that the orbit ${n^{-1}Tⁿx}_{n≥1}$ is dense in ℬ. This allows us to characterize the unilateral and bilateral weighted shifts whose arithmetic means are hypercyclic. As a consequence we show that there are hypercyclic operators which are not Cesàro-hypercyclic, and more surprisingly, there are non-hypercyclic operators for which the Cesàro means of some orbit are dense. However, we show that both classes, the class of hypercyclic operators and the class of Cesàro-hypercyclic operators, have the same norm-closure spectral characterization.
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Hypercyclic sequences of operators

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A sequence (Tₙ) of bounded linear operators between Banach spaces X,Y is said to be hypercyclic if there exists a vector x ∈ X such that the orbit Tₙx is dense in Y. The paper gives a survey of various conditions that imply the hypercyclicity of (Tₙ) and studies relations among them. The particular case of X = Y and mutually commuting operators Tₙ is analyzed. This includes the most interesting cases (Tⁿ) and (λₙTⁿ) where T is a fixed operator and λₙ are complex numbers. We also study when a sequence of operators has a large (either dense or closed infinite-dimensional) manifold consisting of hypercyclic vectors.
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