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Shadowing in multi-dimensional shift spaces

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EN
We show that the class of expansive $ℤ^{d}$ actions with P.O.T.P. is wider than the class of actions topologically hyperbolic in some direction $ν ∈ ℤ^{d}$. Our main tool is an extension of a result by Walters to the multi-dimensional symbolic dynamics case.
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Properties of dynamical systems with the asymptotic average shadowing property

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EN
This article investigates under what conditions nontransitivity can coexist with the asymptotic average shadowing property. We show that there is a large class of maps satisfying both conditions simultaneously and that it is possible to find such examples even among maps on a compact interval. We also study the limit shadowing property and its relation to the asymptotic average shadowing property.
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Chaos theory from the mathematical point of view

64%
PL
Niniejsza praca stanowi próbę przedstawienia istniejących definicji chaosu dla dyskretnych układów dynamicznych. Dyskusję zawężono do zagadnień związanych z dynamiką topologiczną. Przedstawiono i umotywowano definicje: wrażliwości na warunki początkowe, chaosu w sensie Li i Yorke’a, Auslandera i Yorke’a, Devaneya, chaosu dystrybucyjnego, entropii topologicznej i podkowy topologicznej. Podzielono się pewnymi uwagami historycznymi. Omówiono znane związki między różnymi definicjami chaosu i przypomniano związane z nimi problemy otwarte.
EN
This work is intended as an attempt to survey existingde finitions of chaos for discrete dynamical systems. Discussion is restricted to the settingof topological dynamics, while the measure-theoretic (ergodic theory) and smooth (differentiable dynamical systems) aspects are omitted as exceedingt he scope of this paper. Chaos theory is understood here as a part of topological dynamics, so aforementioned definitions of chaos are just examples of particular dynamical system properties, and are considered inside the framework of the mathematical theory of discrete dynamical systems. It is not the purpose of this article to study chaos theory understood as a new kind of interdisciplinary branch of science devoted to nonlinear phenomena. As for prerequisites, the reader is expected to possess some mathematical maturity, and to be familiar with basic topology of (compact) metric spaces. No preliminary knowledge of the dynamical systems theory is required, however some is recommended. The first two section are devoted to general discussion of the term „chaos” and contains authors opinion on this subject. To facilitate access to the rest of the article some relevant material from the dynamical system theory is briefly repeated in the third section. The next section (Section 4) introduces the notion of topological transitivity along with some stronger variants, namely topological mixing and weak mixing. Section 5 gives a detailed account of the famous Sharkovskii’s Theorem in its full generality. This is required for characterization of chaotic interval maps. Sections 6-13 are devoted to various notions of chaos or related to chaos in dynamical systems. Each section contains an attempt to motivate the notion, historical background and formal definition followed with a review of known properties, relations between various notions of chaos, and some relevant open problems. Section 6 is devoted to a sensitivity to initial conditions – a notion which is accepted as a basic indicator of chaotic behavior. Section 7 introduces a definition of chaos accordingt o Auslander and Yorke. Section 8 examines the notion of Li-Yorke pair and Li-Yorke chaos. Section 9 deals with the definition of chaos introduced in Devaney’s book (Devaney chaos). Section 10 recalls some facts connected with symbolic dynamics, which provides a rich source of examples for various interestingb ehavior, and it is an indispensable tool for exploration of many systems. Section 11 describes the so-called “topological horseshoes”, which are generalizations of the famous example due to Smale. The existence of a horseshoe in a given dynamical system proves the existence of a subsystem with a dynamics similar to some symbolic dynamical system, hence with a very complicated behavior. Section 12 gives a brief exposition of the topological entropy and its relation to chaos. The review of various notions of chaos ends with section 13, containingd escription of distributional chaos.
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On local aspects of topological weak mixing in dimension one and beyond

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EN
We introduce the concept of weakly mixing sets of order n and show that, in contrast to weak mixing of maps, a weakly mixing set of order n does not have to be weakly mixing of order n + 1. Strictly speaking, we construct a minimal invertible dynamical system which contains a non-trivial weakly mixing set of order 2, whereas it does not contain any non-trivial weakly mixing set of order 3. In dimension one this difference is not that much visible, since we prove that every continuous map f from a topological graph into itself has positive topological entropy if and only if it contains a non-trivial weakly mixing set of order 2 if and only if it contains a non-trivial weakly mixing set of all orders.
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Shadowing and expansivity in subspaces

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EN
We address various notions of shadowing and expansivity for continuous maps restricted to a proper subset of their domain. We prove new equivalences of shadowing and expansive properties, we demonstrate under what conditions certain expanding maps have shadowing, and generalize some known results in this area. We also investigate the impact of our theory on maps of the interval.
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On almost specification and average shadowing properties

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EN
We study relations between the almost specification property, the asymptotic average shadowing property and the average shadowing property for dynamical systems on compact metric spaces. We show implications between these properties and relate them to other important notions such as shadowing, transitivity, invariant measures, etc. We provide examples showing that compactness is a necessary condition for these implications to hold. As a consequence, we also obtain a proof that limit shadowing in chain transitive systems implies shadowing.
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