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Weighted convolution algebras on subsemigroups of the real line

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EN
In this memoir, we shall consider weighted convolution algebras on discrete groups and semigroups, concentrating on the group (ℚ,+) of rational numbers, the semigroup $(ℚ^{+•},+)$ of strictly positive rational numbers, and analogous semigroups in the real line ℝ. In particular, we shall discuss when these algebras are Arens regular, when they are strongly Arens irregular, and when they are neither, giving a variety of examples. We introduce the notion of 'weakly diagonally bounded' weights, weakening the known concept of 'diagonally bounded' weights, and thus obtaining more examples. We shall also construct an example of a weighted convolution algebra on ℕ that is neither Arens regular nor strongly Arens irregular, and an example of a weight ω on $ℚ^{+•}$ such that $lim inf_{s→ 0+}ω(s) =0$.
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On the uniqueness of uniform norms and C*-norms

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We prove that a semisimple, commutative Banach algebra has either exactly one uniform norm or infinitely many uniform norms; this answers a question asked by S. J. Bhatt and H. V. Dedania [Studia Math. 160 (2004)]. A similar result is proved for C*-norms on *-semisimple, commutative Banach *-algebras. These properties are preserved if the identity is adjoined. We also show that a commutative Beurling *-algebra L¹(G,ω) has exactly one uniform norm if and only if it has exactly one C*-norm; this is not true in arbitrary *-semisimple, commutative Banach *-algebras.
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Banach algebras with unique uniform norm II

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Semisimple commutative Banach algebras 𝓐 admitting exactly one uniform norm (not necessarily complete) are investigated. 𝓐 has this Unique Uniform Norm Property iff the completion U(𝓐) of 𝓐 in the spectral radius r(·) has UUNP and, for any non-zero spectral synthesis ideal ℐ of U(𝓐), ℐ ∩ 𝓐 is non-zero. 𝓐 is regular iff U(𝓐) is regular and, for any spectral synthesis ideal ℐ of 𝓐, 𝓐/ℐ has UUNP iff U(𝓐) is regular and for any spectral synthesis ideal ℐ of U(𝓐), ℐ = k(h(𝓐 ∩ ℐ)) (hulls and kernels in U(𝓐)). 𝓐 has UUNP and the Shilov boundary coincides with the Gelfand space iff 𝓐 is weakly regular in the sense that, given a proper, closed subset F of the Gelfand space, there exists a non-zero x in 𝓐 having its Gelfand transform vanishing on F. Several classes of Banach algebras that are weakly regular but not regular, as well as those that are not weakly regular but have UUNP are exhibited. The UUNP is investigated for quotients, tensor products, and multiplier algebras. The property UUNP compares with the unique C*-norm property on (not necessarily commutative) Banach *-algebras. The results are applied to multivariate holomorphic function algebras as well as to the measure algebra of a locally compact abelian group G. For a continuous weight ω on G, the Beurling algebra L¹(G,ω) (assumed semisimple) has UUNP iff it is regular.
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Weighted measure algebras and uniform norms

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Let ω be a weight on an LCA group G. Let M(G,ω) consist of the Radon measures μ on G such that ωμ is a regular complex Borel measure on G. It is proved that: (i) M(G,ω) is regular iff M(G,ω) has unique uniform norm property (UUNP) iff L¹(G,ω) has UUNP and G is discrete; (ii) M(G,ω) has a minimum uniform norm iff L¹(G,ω) has UUNP; (iii) M₀₀(G,ω) is regular iff M₀₀(G,ω) has UUNP iff L¹(G,ω) has UUNP, where M₀₀(G,ω) := {μ ∈ M(G,ω) : μ̂ = 0 on Δ(M(G,ω))∖Δ(L¹(G,ω))}.
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Beurling algebras and uniform norms

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Given a locally compact abelian group G with a measurable weight ω, it is shown that the Beurling algebra L¹(G,ω) admits either exactly one uniform norm or infinitely many uniform norms, and that L¹(G,ω) admits exactly one uniform norm iff it admits a minimum uniform norm.
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Beurling algebra analogues of theorems of Wiener-Lévy-Żelazko and Żelazko

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Let 0 < p ≤ 1, let ω: ℤ → [1,∞) be a weight on ℤ and let f be a nowhere vanishing continuous function on the unit circle Γ whose Fourier series satisfies $∑_{n∈ℤ} |f̂(n)|^{p}ω(n) < ∞$. Then there exists a weight ν on ℤ such that $∑_{n∈ℤ} |\widehat{(1/f)}(n)|^{p} ν(n) < ∞$. Further, ν is non-constant if and only if ω is non-constant; and ν = ω if ω is non-quasianalytic. This includes the classical Wiener theorem (p = 1, ω = 1), Domar theorem (p = 1, ω is non-quasianalytic), Żelazko theorem (ω = 1) and a recent result of Bhatt and Dedania (p = 1). An analogue of the Lévy theorem at the present level of generality is also developed. Given a locally compact group G with a continuous weight ω and 0 < p < 1, the locally bounded space $L^{p}(G,ω)$ is closed under convolution if and only if G is discrete if and only if G admits an atom. This generalizes and refines another result of Żelazko.
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