We give a characterization of those probability measures on the real line which satisfy certain Sobolev inequalities. Our starting point is a simpler approach to the Bobkov-Götze characterization of measures satisfying a logarithmic Sobolev inequality. As an application of the criterion we present a soft proof of the Latała-Oleszkiewicz inequality for exponential measures, and describe the measures on the line which have the same property. New concentration inequalities for product measures follow.
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We derive the equivalence of different forms of Gaussian type shift inequalities. This completes previous results by Bobkov. Our argument strongly relies on the Gaussian model for which we give a geometric approach in terms of norms of barycentres. Similar inequalities hold in the discrete setting; they improve the known results on the so-called isodiametral problem for the discrete cube. The study of norms of barycentres for subsets of convex bodies completes the exposition.
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