We study spectral multipliers for a distinguished Laplacian on certain groups of exponential growth. We obtain a stronger optimal version of the results proved in [CGHM] and [A].
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We show that the $L^{p}$ boundedness, p > 2, of the Riesz transform on a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold with upper and lower Gaussian heat kernel estimates is equivalent to a certain form of Sobolev inequality. We also characterize in such terms the heat kernel gradient upper estimate on manifolds with polynomial growth.
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Let Ω be an open subset of $ℝ^{d}$ with 0 ∈ Ω. Furthermore, let $H_{Ω} = -∑^{d}_{i,j=1} ∂_{i}c_{ij}∂_{j}$ be a second-order partial differential operator with domain $C_{c}^{∞}(Ω)$ where the coefficients $c_{ij} ∈ W^{1,∞}_{loc}(Ω̅)$ are real, $c_{ij} = c_{ji}$ and the coefficient matrix $C = (c_{ij})$ satisfies bounds 0 < C(x) ≤ c(|x|)I for all x ∈ Ω. If $∫_{0}^{∞} ds s^{d/2}e^{-λμ(s)²} < ∞$ for some λ > 0 where $μ(s) = ∫_{0}^{s} dt c(t)^{-1/2}$ then we establish that $H_{Ω}$ is L₁-unique, i.e. it has a unique L₁-extension which generates a continuous semigroup, if and only if it is Markov unique, i.e. it has a unique L₂-extension which generates a submarkovian semigroup. Moreover these uniqueness conditions are equivalent to the capacity of the boundary of Ω, measured with respect to $H_{Ω}$, being zero. We also demonstrate that the capacity depends on two gross features, the Hausdorff dimension of subsets A of the boundary of the set and the order of degeneracy of $H_{Ω}$ at A.
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We consider pure mth order subcoercive operators with complex coefficients acting on a connected nilpotent Lie group. We derive Gaussian bounds with the correct small time singularity and the optimal large time asymptotic behaviour on the heat kernel and all its derivatives, both right and left. Further we prove that the Riesz transforms of all orders are bounded on the Lp -spaces with p ∈ (1, ∞). Finally, for second-order operators with real coefficients we derive matching Gaussian lower bounds and deduce Harnack inequalities valid for all times.
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