Building on earlier work of Katětov, Uspenskij proved in [8] that the group of isometries of Urysohn's universal metric space 𝕌, endowed with the pointwise convergence topology, is a universal Polish group (i.e. it contains an isomorphic copy of any Polish group). Answering a question of Gao and Kechris, we prove here the following, more precise result: for any Polish group G, there exists a closed subset F of 𝕌 such that G is topologically isomorphic to the group of isometries of 𝕌 which map F onto itself.
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Using classical results of infinite-dimensional geometry, we show that the isometry group of the Urysohn space, endowed with its usual Polish group topology, is homeomorphic to the separable Hilbert space ℓ²(ℕ). The proof is based on a lemma about extensions of metric spaces by finite metric spaces, which we also use to investigate (answering a question of I. Goldbring) the relationship, when A,B are finite subsets of the Urysohn space, between the group of isometries fixing A pointwise, the group of isometries fixing B pointwise, and the group of isometries fixing A ∩ B pointwise.
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