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Ant algorithm for flow assignment in connection-oriented networks

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This work introduces ANB (bf Ant Algorithm for bf Non-bf Bifurcated Flows), a novel approach to capacitated static optimization of flows in connection-oriented computer networks. The problem considered arises naturally from several optimization problems that have recently received significant attention. The proposed ANB is an ant algorithm motivated by recent works on the application of the ant algorithm to solving various problems related to computer networks. However, few works concern the use of ant algorithms in the assignment of static flows in connection-oriented networks. We analyze the major characteristics of the ANB and try to explain its performance. We report results of many experiments over various networks.
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Issues of network survivability are important, since users of computer networks should be provided with some guarantees of data delivery. A large amount of data may be lost in high-speed Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) due to a network failure and cause significant economic loses. This paper addresses problems of network survivability. The characteristics of virtual paths and their influence on network restoration are examined. A new problem of Backup Virtual Path Routing is presented for the local-destination rerouting strategy. The function of the flow lost due to a failure of a single link is chosen as the performance index. The problem of finding the optimal virtual path assignment is NP-complete. Therefore we develop an exact algorithm based on the branch and bound approach. Moreover, two heuristic algorithms are proposed. Numerical results are presented.
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Our discussion in this article centers around various issues related to the use of anycasting in connection-oriented computer networks. Anycast is defined as a one-to-one-of-many transmission to deliver a packet to one of many hosts. Anycasting can be applied if the same content is replicated over many locations in the network. Examples of network techniques that apply anycasting are Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), Domain Name Service (DNS), Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems. The role of anycasting is growing concurrently with the popularity of electronic music, movies, and other content required by Internet users. In this work we focus on the optimization of anycast flows in connection-oriented networks. We formulate a model of anycast connections and next propose a heuristic algorithm based on the Lagrangean relaxation aimed to optimize jointly routes for anycast and unicast connections. Results of numerical experiments are presented and evaluated. Finally, we analyze briefly problems related to anycasting in dynamic routing and multi-layer networks.
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The main objective of this paper is to develop an effective evolutionary algorithm (EA) for the path-assignment problem in survivable connection-oriented networks. We assume a single-link failure scenario, which is the most common and frequently reported failure event. Since the network flow is modeled as a non-bifurcated multicommodity flow, the discussed optimization problem is NP-complete. Thus, we develop an effective heuristic algorithm based on an evolutionary algorithm. The main novelty of this work is that the proposed evolutionary algorithm consists of two levels. The "high" level applies typical EA operators. The "low" level is based on the idea of a hierarchical algorithm. However, the presented approach is not a classical hierarchical algorithm. Therefore, we call the algorithm quasi-hierarchical. We present its description and the results of simulation runs over various networks.
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Recently, distributed computing system have been gaining much attention due to a growing demand for various kinds of effective computations in both industry and academia. In this paper, we focus on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing systems, also called public-resource computing systems or global computing systems. P2P computing systems, contrary to grids, use personal computers and other relatively simple electronic equipment (e.g., the PlayStation console) to process sophisticated computational projects. A significant example of the P2P computing idea is the BOINC (Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing) project. To improve the performance of the computing system, we propose to use the P2P approach to distribute results of computational projects, i.e., results are transmitted in the system like in P2P file sharing systems (e.g., BitTorrent). In this work, we concentrate on offline optimization of the P2P computing system including two elements: scheduling of computations and data distribution. The objective is to minimize the system OPEX cost related to data processing and data transmission. We formulate an Integer Linear Problem (ILP) to model the system and apply this formulation to obtain optimal results using the CPLEX solver. Next, we propose two heuristic algorithms that provide results very close to an optimum and can be used for larger problem instances than those solvable by CPLEX or other ILP solvers.
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