The aim of this paper is to describe the set of periods of a Morse-Smale diffeomorphism of the two-dimensional sphere according to its homotopy class. The main tool for proving this is the Lefschetz fixed point theory.
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Given the plane triangle with vertices (0,0), (0,4) and (4,0) and the transformation F: (x,y) ↦ (x(4-x-y),xy) introduced by A. N. Sharkovskiĭ, we prove the existence of the following objects: a unique invariant curve of spiral type, a periodic trajectory of period 4 (given explicitly) and a periodic trajectory of period 5 (described approximately). Also, we give a decomposition of the triangle which helps to understand the global dynamics of this discrete system which is linked with the behavior of the Schrödinger equation.
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