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Total outer-connected domination in trees

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Let G = (V,E) be a graph. Set D ⊆ V(G) is a total outer-connected dominating set of G if D is a total dominating set in G and G[V(G)-D] is connected. The total outer-connected domination number of G, denoted by $γ_{tc}(G)$, is the smallest cardinality of a total outer-connected dominating set of G. We show that if T is a tree of order n, then $γ_{tc}(T) ≥ ⎡2n/3⎤$. Moreover, we constructively characterize the family of extremal trees T of order n achieving this lower bound.
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On the doubly connected domination number of a graph

51%
EN
For a given connected graph G = (V, E), a set $$D \subseteq V(G)$$ is a doubly connected dominating set if it is dominating and both 〈D〉 and 〈V (G)-D〉 are connected. The cardinality of the minimum doubly connected dominating set in G is the doubly connected domination number. We investigate several properties of doubly connected dominating sets and give some bounds on the doubly connected domination number.
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51%
EN
For a connected graph G = (V,E), a set D ⊆ V(G) is a dominating set of G if every vertex in V(G)-D has at least one neighbour in D. The distance $d_G(u,v)$ between two vertices u and v is the length of a shortest (u-v) path in G. An (u-v) path of length $d_G(u,v)$ is called an (u-v)-geodesic. A set X ⊆ V(G) is convex in G if vertices from all (a-b)-geodesics belong to X for any two vertices a,b ∈ X. A set X is a convex dominating set if it is convex and dominating. The convex domination number $γ_{con}(G)$ of a graph G is the minimum cardinality of a convex dominating set in G. Graphs with the convex domination number close to their order are studied. The convex domination number of a Cartesian product of graphs is also considered.
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