For a graph G = (V,E), a set S ⊆ V(G) is a total dominating set if it is dominating and both ⟨S⟩ has no isolated vertices. The cardinality of a minimum total dominating set in G is the total domination number. A set S ⊆ V(G) is a total restrained dominating set if it is total dominating and ⟨V(G)-S⟩ has no isolated vertices. The cardinality of a minimum total restrained dominating set in G is the total restrained domination number. We characterize all trees for which total domination and total restrained domination numbers are the same.
Let G = (V,E) be a graph. A total restrained dominating set is a set S ⊆ V where every vertex in V∖S is adjacent to a vertex in S as well as to another vertex in V∖S, and every vertex in S is adjacent to another vertex in S. The total restrained domination number of G, denoted by $γ_r^t(G)$, is the smallest cardinality of a total restrained dominating set of G. We determine lower and upper bounds on the total restrained domination number of the direct product of two graphs. Also, we show that these bounds are sharp by presenting some infinite families of graphs that attain these bounds.
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