The connected components of the zero set of any conformal vector field v, in a pseudo-Riemannian manifold (M, g) of arbitrary signature, are of two types, which may be called ‘essential’ and ‘nonessential’. The former consist of points at which v is essential, that is, cannot be turned into a Killing field by a local conformal change of the metric. In a component of the latter type, points at which v is nonessential form a relatively-open dense subset that is at the same time a totally umbilical submanifold of (M, g). An essential component is always a null totally geodesic submanifold of (M, g), and so is the set of those points in a nonessential component at which v is essential (unless this set, consisting precisely of all the singular points of the component, is empty). Both kinds of null totally geodesic submanifolds arising here carry a 1-form, defined up to multiplications by functions without zeros, which satisfies a projective version of the Killing equation. The conformal-equivalence type of the 2-jet of v is locally constant along the nonessential submanifold of a nonessential component, and along an essential component on which the distinguished 1-form is nonzero. The characteristic polynomial of the 1-jet of v is always locally constant along the zero set.
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In this paper we consider some elastic spacelike and timelike curves in the Lorentz-Minkowski plane and obtain the respective vectorial equations of their position vectors in explicit analytical form. We study in more details the generalized Sturmian spirals in the Lorentz-Minkowski plane which simultaneously are elastics in this space.
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We expound some results about the relationships between the Jacobi operators with respect to null vectors on a Lorentzian S-manifold and the Jacobi operators with respect to particular spacelike unit vectors. We study the number of the eigenvalues of such operators on Lorentzian S-manifolds satisfying the φ-null Osserman condition, under suitable assumptions on the dimension of the manifold. Then, we provide in full generality a new curvature characterization for Lorentzian S-manifolds and we use it to obtain an algebraic decomposition for the Riemannian curvature tensor of φ-null Osserman Lorentzian S-manifolds.
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This paper deals with a family of lightlike (null) hypersurfaces (H u) of a Lorentzian manifold M such that each null normal vector ℓ of H u is not entirely in H u, but, is defined in some open subset of M around H u. Although the family (H u) is not unique, we show, subject to some reasonable condition(s), that the involved induced objects are independent of the choice of (H u) once evaluated at u = constant. We use (n+1)-splitting Lorentzian manifold to obtain a normalization of ℓ and a well-defined projector onto H, needed for Gauss, Weingarten, Gauss-Codazzi equations and calculate induced metrics on proper totally umbilical and totally geodesic H u. Finally, we establish a link between the geometry and physics of lightlike hypersurfaces and a variety of black hole horizons.
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