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## Studia Mathematica

1996 | 121 | 3 | 207-219
Tytuł artykułu

### Generalized limits and a mean ergodic theorem

Autorzy
Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
For a given linear operator L on $ℓ^∞$ with ∥L∥ = 1 and L(1) = 1, a notion of limit, called the L-limit, is defined for bounded sequences in a normed linear space X. In the case where L is the left shift operator on $ℓ^∞$ and $X = ℓ^∞$, the definition of L-limit reduces to Lorentz's definition of σ-limit, which is described by means of Banach limits on $ℓ^∞$. We discuss some properties of L-limits, characterize reflexive spaces in terms of existence of L-limits of bounded sequences, and formulate a version of the abstract mean ergodic theorem in terms of L-limits. A theorem of Sinclair on the form of linear functionals on a unital normed algebra in terms of states is also generalized.
Słowa kluczowe
EN
Kategorie tematyczne
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Numer
Strony
207-219
Opis fizyczny
Daty
wydano
1996
otrzymano
1995-02-02
poprawiono
1996-07-15
Twórcy
autor
• Department of Mathematics, Chung Yuan University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
autor
• Department of Mathematics, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
Bibliografia
• [1] Z. U. Ahmad and Mursaleen, An application of Banach limits, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. (1) 103 (1988), 244-246.
• [2] F. F. Bonsall and J. Duncan, Numerical Ranges of Operators on Normed Spaces and of Elements of Normed Algebras, London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser. 2, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1971.
• [3] F. F. Bonsall and J. Duncan, Numerical Ranges II, London Math. Soc. Lecture Ser. 10, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1973.
• [4] A. Brunel, H. Fong, and L. Sucheston, An ergodic superproperty of Banach spaces defined by a class of matrices, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 49 (1975), 373-378.
• [5] D. van Dulst, Reflexive and Superreflexive Banach Spaces, MCT, 1982.
• [6] U. Krengel, Ergodic Theorems, de Gruyter, 1985.
• [7] G. G. Lorentz, A contribution to the theory of divergent sequences, Acta Math. 80 (1948), 167-190.
• [8] Mursaleen, On some new invariant matrix methods of summability, Quart. J. Math. Oxford (2) 34 (1983), 77-86.
• [9] R. A. Raimi, Invariant means and invariant matrix methods of summability, Duke Math. J. 30 (1963), 81-94.
• [10] P. Schaefer, Infinite matrices and invariant means, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 36 (1972), 104-110.
• [11] P. Schaefer, Mappings of positive integers and subspaces of m, Portugal. Math. 38 (1979), 29-38.
• [12] S.-Y. Shaw, Mean ergodic theorems and linear functional equations, J. Funct. Anal. 87 (1989), 428-441.
• [13] A. M. Sinclair, The states of a Banach algebra generate the dual, Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc. (2) 17 (1971), 193-200.
• [14] K. Yosida and S. Kakutani, Operator-theoretical treatment of Markoff's process and mean ergodic theorem, Ann. of Math. 42 (1941), 188-228.
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Bibliografia
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