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## Discussiones Mathematicae Probability and Statistics

2013 | 33 | 1-2 | 121-149
Tytuł artykułu

### Signatura of magic and Latin integer squares: isentropic clans and indexing

Autorzy
Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The 2010 study of the Shannon entropy of order nine Sudoku and Latin square matrices by Newton and DeSalvo [Proc. Roy. Soc. A 2010] is extended to natural magic and Latin squares up to order nine. We demonstrate that decimal and integer measures of the Singular Value sets, here named SV clans, are a powerful way of comparing different integer squares.
Several complete sets of magic and Latin squares are included, including the order eight Franklin subset which is of direct relevance to magic square line patterns on chess boards. While early examples suggested that lower rank specimens had lower entropy, sufficient data is presented to show that some full rank cases with low entropy possess a set of singular values separating into a dominant group with the remainder much weaker. An effective rank measure helps understand these issues.
We also introduce a new measure for integer squares based on the sum of the fourth powers of the singular values which appears to give a useful method of indexing both Latin and magic squares. This can be used to begin cataloging a "library" of magical squares.
Based on a video presentation in celebration of George Styan's 75th at LINSTAT2012 and IWMS-21 on 19 July, 2012 at Będlewo, Poland.
Słowa kluczowe
EN
Rocznik
Tom
Numer
Strony
121-149
Opis fizyczny
Daty
wydano
2013
otrzymano
2013-04-15
poprawiono
2013-10-23
Twórcy
autor
• Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
autor
• Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
autor
• Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 2N2
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