A practical application of kernel-based fuzzy discriminant analysis

• Autorzy: Jian-Qiang Gao , Li-Ya Fan , Li Li , Li-Zhong Xu
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A novel method for feature extraction and recognition called Kernel Fuzzy Discriminant Analysis (KFDA) is proposed in this paper to deal with recognition problems, e.g., for images. The KFDA method is obtained by combining the advantages of fuzzy methods and a kernel trick. Based on the orthogonal-triangular decomposition of a matrix and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), two different variants, KFDA/QR and KFDA/SVD, of KFDA are obtained. In the proposed method, the membership degree is incorporated into the definition of between-class and within-class scatter matrices to get fuzzy between-class and within-class scatter matrices. The membership degree is obtained by combining the measures of features of samples data. In addition, the effects of employing different measures is investigated from a pure mathematical point of view, and the t-test statistical method is used for comparing the robustness of the learning algorithm. Experimental results on ORL and FERET face databases show that KFDA/QR and KFDA/SVD are more effective and feasible than Fuzzy Discriminant Analysis (FDA) and Kernel Discriminant Analysis (KDA) in terms of the mean correct recognition rate.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

kernel fuzzy discriminant analysis; fuzzy k-nearest neighbor; QR decomposition; SVD; fuzzy membership matrix; t-test

• Wydawca: University of Zielona Gora Press
• Czasopismo: International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: 23
• Numer: 4
• Strony: 887-903

Daty

wydano

2013

otrzymano

2013-03-14

poprawiono

2013-07-10

poprawiono

2013-09-05

Twórcy

autor

Jian-Qiang Gao

• College of Computer and Information Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China

autor

Li-Ya Fan

• School of Mathematics Sciences, Liaocheng University, Shandong, 252059, PR China

autor

Li Li

• Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, PR China

autor

Li-Zhong Xu

• College of Computer and Information Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China

Bibliografia

• Aydilek, I.B. and Arslan, A. (2012). A novel hybrid approach to estimating missing values in databases using k-nearest neighbors and neural networks, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control 7(8): 4705-4717.
• Baudat, G. and Anouar, F. (2000). Generalized discriminant analysis using a kernel approach, Neural Computation 12(10): 2385-2404.
• Belhumeur, P.N. and Kriegman, D.J. (1997). Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition using class specific linear projection, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis Machine Intelligence 19(7): 711-720.
• Chen, L.F., Liao, H. Y.M., Ko, M.T., Lin, J.C. and Yu, G.J. (2000). A new LDA-based face recognition system which can solve the small sample size problem, Pattern Recognition 33(10): 1713-1726.
• Cover, T.M. (1965). Geometrical and statistical properties of systems of linear inequalities with applications in pattern recognition, IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers 14(3): 326-334.
• Demsar, J. (2006). Statistical comparisons of classifiers over multiple data sets, The Journal of Machine Learning Research 7(1): 1-30.
• Dietterich, T.G. (1998). Approximate statistical tests for comparing supervised classification learning algorithms, Neural Computation 10(7): 1895-1923.
• Duda, R.O., Hart, P.E. and Stork, D.G. (2012). Pattern Classification, John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
• Friedman, J.H. (1989). Regularized discriminant analysis, Journal of the American Statistical Association 84(405): 165-175.
• Fukunaga, K. (1990). Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition, San Diego, California, CA.
• Gao, J. and Fan, L. (2011). Kernel-based weighted discriminant analysis with QR decomposition and its application face recognition, WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics 10(10): 358-367.
• Gao, J., Fan, L. and Xu, L. (2012). Solving the face recognition problem using QR factorization, WSEAS Transactions on Mathematics 11(1): 728-737.
• Gao, J.Q., Fan, L.Y. and Xu, L.Z. (2013). Median null (sw)-based method for face feature recognition, Applied Mathematics and Computation 219(12): 6410-6419.
• Gao, Q.X., Zhang, L. and Zhang, D. (2008). Face recognition using FLDA with single training image per person, Applied Mathematics and Computation 205(2): 726-734.
• Hastie, T., Buja, A. and Tibshirani, R. (1995). Penalized discriminant analysis, The Annals of Statistics 23(1): 73-102.
• Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R. and Buja, A. (1994). Flexible discriminant analysis by optimal scoring, Journal of the American Statistical Association 89(428): 1255-1270.
• Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., Friedman, J. and Franklin, J. (1991). The elements of statistical learning: Data mining, inference and prediction, The Mathematical Intelligencer 27(2): 83-85.
• Hong, Z.Q. and Yang, J.Y. (2005). Optimal discriminant plane for a small number of samples and design method of classifier on the plane, Pattern Recognition 24(4): 317-324.
• Jain, A. and Zongker, D. (1997). Feature selection: Evaluation, application, and small sample performance, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 19(2): 153-158.
• Keller, J.M., Gray, M.R. and Givens, J.A. (1985). A fuzzy k-nearest neighbor algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 15(4): 580-585.
• Koc, M. and Barkana, A. (2011). A new solution to one sample problem in face recognition using FLDA, Applied Mathematics and Computation 217(24): 10368-10376.
• Kwak, K.C. and Pedrycz, W. (2005). Face recognition using a fuzzy Fisherface classifier, Pattern Recognition 38(10): 1717-1732.
• Lee, H.M., Chen, C.M., Chen, J.M. and Jou, Y.L. (2001). An efficient fuzzy classifier with feature selection based on fuzzy entropy, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics 31(3): 426-432.
• Liu, F. and Xue, X. (2012). Constructing kernels by fuzzy rules for support vector regressions, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control 8(7): 4811-4822.
• Liu, Y. (2006). Website of the ORL face database, http://www.cam-orl.co.uk.
• Liu, Y., Liu, X. and Su, Z. (2008). A new fuzzy approach for handling class labels in canonical correlation analysis, Neurocomputing 71(7): 1735-1740.
• Loog, M., Duin, R.P.W. and Haeb-Umbach, R. (2001). Multiclass linear dimension reduction by weighted pairwise fisher criteria, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 23(7): 762-766.
• Pahasa, J. and Ngamroo, I. (2012). PSO based kernel principal component analysis and multi-class support vector machine for power quality problem classification, International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control 8(3): 1523-1539.
• Pal, N.R. and Eluri, V.K. (1998). Two efficient connectionist schemes for structure preserving dimensionality reduction, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 9(6): 1142-1154.
• Phillips, P.J. (2004). Website of the facial recognition technology (FERET) database, http://www.itl.nist.gov/iad/humanid/feret/feret-master.html.
• Raudys, S.J. and Jain, A.K. (1991). Small sample size effects in statistical pattern recognition: Recommendations for practitioners, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 13(3): 252-264.
• Schölkopf, B., Smola, A. and Müller, K.R. (1998). Nonlinear component analysis as a kernel eigenvalue problem, Neural Computation 10(5): 1299-1319.
• Swets, D.L. and Weng, J.J. (1996). Using discriminant eigenfeatures for image retrieval, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 18(8): 831-836.
• Świercz, E. (2010). Classification in the Gabor time-frequency domain of non-stationary signals embedded in heavy noise with unknown statistical distribution, International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 20(1): 135-147, DOI: 10.2478/v10006-010-0010-x.
• Vapnik, V.N. (1998). Statistical Learning Theory, Wiley, New York, NY.
• Woźniak, M. and Krawczyk, B. (2012). Combined classifier based on feature space partitioning, International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 22(4): 855-866, DOI: 10.2478/v10006-012-0063-0.
• Wu, X.H. and Zhou, J.J. (2006). Fuzzy discriminant analysis with kernel methods, Pattern Recognition 39(11): 2236-2239.
• Yang, J., Frangi, A.F., Yang, J.Y., Zhang, D. and Jin, Z. (2005). KPCA plus LDA: A complete kernel Fisher discriminant framework for feature extraction and recognition, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 27(2): 230-244.
• Yang, J. and Yang, J.Y. (2001). An optimal FLD algorithm for facial feature extraction, Proceedings of SPIE Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XX: Algorithms, Techniques, and Active Vision, Boston, MA, USA, pp. 438-444.
• Yang, J. and Yang, J.Y. (2003). Why can LDA be performed in PCA transformed space?, Pattern Recognition 36(2): 563-566.
• Yang, W., Wang, J., Ren, M., Zhang, L. and Yang, J. (2009). Feature extraction using fuzzy inverse FDA, Neurocomputing 73(13): 3384-3390.
• Yu, H. and Yang, J. (2001). A direct LDA algorithm for high-dimensional data with application to face recognition, Pattern Recognition 34(10): 2067-2070.
• Zadeh, L.A. (1965). Fuzzy sets, Information and Control 8(3): 338-353.
• Zheng, Y.J., Yang, J., Yang, J.Y. and Wu, X.J. (2006a). A reformative kernel Fisher discriminant algorithm and its application to face recognition, Neurocomputing 69(13): 1806-1810.
• Zheng, Y., Yang, J., Wang, W., Wang, Q., Yang, J. and Wu, X. (2006b). Fuzzy kernel Fisher discriminant algorithm with application to face recognition, 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation WCICA, Dalian, China, Vol. 2, pp. 9669-9672.
• Zhuang, X.S. and Dai, D.Q. (2005). Inverse Fisher discriminate criteria for small sample size problem and its application to face recognition, Pattern Recognition 38(11): 2192-2194.
• Zhuang, X.S. and Dai, D.Q. (2007). Improved discriminate analysis for high-dimensional data and its application to face recognition, Pattern Recognition 40(5): 1570-1578.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/amcs-2013-0066