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## International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

2008 | 18 | 1 | 93-104
Tytuł artykułu

### M-ary phase modulation for digital watermarking

Autorzy
Treść / Zawartość
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
In spread spectrum based watermarking schemes, it is a challenging task to embed multiple bits of information into the host signal. M-ary modulation has been proposed as an effective approach to multibit watermarking. It has been proved that an M-ary modulation based watermarking system outperforms significantly a binary modulation based watermarking system. However, in the existing M-ary modulation based algorithms, the value of M is restricted to be less than 256, because as M increases, the computation workload for data extraction advances exponentially. In this paper, we propose an efficient M-ary modulation scheme, i.e., M-ary phase modulation, which reduces the computation in data extraction to a very low level. With this scheme, it is practical to implement an M-ary modulation based algorithm with a high value of M, e.g., $M = 2^{20}$. This is significant for a watermarking system, because it can either greatly increase the data capacity of a watermark given the necessary watermark robustness, or considerably improve the watermark robustness given the amount of information of the watermark. The superiority of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation results.
Słowa kluczowe
EN
Rocznik
Tom
Numer
Strony
93-104
Opis fizyczny
Daty
wydano
2008
Twórcy
autor
• Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 5V6
autor
• Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 5V6
Bibliografia
• Cheng Q. and Huang T. S. (2001). An additive approach to transform-domain information hiding and optimum detection structure, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 3(3): 273-284.
• Cox I. J., Killian J., Leighton T. and Shanmoon T. (1997). Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 6(12): 1673-1687.
• Cox I. J., Miller M. L. and Bloom J. A. (2001). Digital Watermarking, Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco.
• Gonzalez R. and Woods R. (2002). Digital Image Processing, Prentice-Hall, New York.
• Hernandez J. R., Amado M. and Perez-Gonzalez F. (2000). DCTdomain watermarking techniques for still images: Detector performance analysis and a new structure, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 9 (1): 55-68.
• Jain A. K. (1989). Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
• Kutter M. (1999). Performance improvement of spread spectrum based image watermarking schemes through M-ary modulation, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 1728: 238-250.
• Nikolaidis A. and Pitas I. (2003). Asymptotically optimal detection for additive watermarking in the DCT and DWT domains, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 12(5): 563-571.
• O'Ruanaidh J. and Pun T. (1998). Rotation, scale and translation invariant spread spectrum digital image watermarking, Signal Processing, 66(8): 303-317.
• Proakis J. G. (2000). Digital Communications, 4th Ed, McGraw Hill: New York.
• Trappe W., Wu M., Wang Z. J. and Liu K. J. R. (2003). Anticollusion fingerprinting for multimedia, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 51(4): 1069-1087.
• Wilson S. G. (1996). Digital Modulation and Coding, Prentice Hall, New York.
• Zeng W. and Liu B. (1999). A statistical watermark detection technique without using original images for resolving rightful ownerships of digital images, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 8(11): 1534-1548.
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Bibliografia
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