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2004 | 14 | 3 | 351-361

Tytuł artykułu

Evolving morphogenetic fields in the zebra skin pattern based on Turing's morphogen hypothesis

Treść / Zawartość

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

EN

Abstrakty

EN
One of the classical problems of morphogenesis is to explain how patterns of different animals evolved resulting in a consolidated and stable pattern generation after generation. In this paper we simulated the evolution of two hypothetical morphogens, or proteins, that diffuse across a grid modeling the zebra skin pattern in an embryonic state, composed of pigmented and nonpigmented cells. The simulation experiments were carried out applying a genetic algorithm to the Young cellular automaton: a discrete version of the reaction-diffusion equations proposed by Turing in 1952. In the simulation experiments we searched for proper parameter values of two hypothetical proteins playing the role of activator and inhibitor morphogens. Our results show that on molecular and cellular levels recombination is the genetic mechanism that plays the key role in morphogen evolution, obtaining similar results in the presence or absence of mutation. However, spot patterns appear more often than stripe patterns on the simulated skin of zebras. Even when simulation results are consistent with the general picture of pattern modeling and simulation based on the Turing reaction-diffusion, we conclude that the stripe pattern of zebras may be a result of other biological features (i.e., genetic interactions, the Kipling hypothesis) not included in the present model.

Rocznik

Tom

14

Numer

3

Strony

351-361

Opis fizyczny

Daty

wydano
2004
otrzymano
2004-03-01
poprawiono
2004-06-01

Twórcy

  • Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
  • Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain

Bibliografia

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Bibliografia

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